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Use Playwright’s Chromium browser, navigate a page to the target URL, then call page.pdf(). It renders with print CSS by default and returns a PDF buffer; pass a path to save the file directly. Set print options such as paper size, margins, and background graphics to match the document you need.
Convert a webpage to PDF with Playwright
Install Playwright in your TypeScript project, then launch Chromium, create a page, navigate, generate the PDF, and close the browser. This example combines the documented Page creation, navigation, and PDF APIs; it is an illustrative synthesis, not a claim of a tested program. See the Playwright Pages guide and Page API reference.
import { chromium } from 'playwright';
const browser = await chromium.launch();
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com');
await page.pdf({ path: 'page.pdf', format: 'A4' });
} finally {
await browser.close();
}Run this in a TypeScript environment configured for ES modules and top-level await, or place it inside an async function. The PDF is written to page.pdf in the process’s current working directory. Add a navigation timeout or a suitable waitUntil condition to page.goto() if the site needs more time or specific load behavior before capture.
Choose print or screen styling
page.pdf() generates a PDF using print CSS media by default. That means print-specific CSS rules can change what appears compared with the page in a normal browser tab. If you want the screen presentation, switch media before creating the PDF:
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await page.emulateMedia({ media: 'screen' });
await page.pdf({ path: 'page.pdf', format: 'A4' });For a print-oriented document, leave the default media setting in place. For a screen-style capture, emulate screen media before calling page.pdf(). The official API documentation describes the default and the media override: Page | Playwright.
Set page size, margins, and orientation
Use format for a named paper size such as A4 or Letter. If format is supplied, it takes precedence over width and height. If you need custom dimensions, omit format and provide width and height instead.
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await page.pdf({
path: 'report.pdf',
format: 'Letter',
landscape: true,
margin: {
top: '15mm',
right: '12mm',
bottom: '15mm',
left: '12mm'
}
});PDF dimensions and margins accept CSS-style units including px, in, cm, and mm; an unlabelled numeric value is interpreted as pixels. If the page’s CSS @page rule should determine paper size instead of the API dimensions or format, set preferCSSPageSize: true.
Include background graphics and control color output
The printBackground option defaults to false. Set it to true when the PDF should include CSS background colors and images:
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await page.pdf({
path: 'page.pdf',
format: 'A4',
printBackground: true
});Including backgrounds and preserving exact CSS colors are separate settings. Playwright notes that PDF colors are modified for printing by default and points to the CSS property -webkit-print-color-adjust for exact color rendering. Add that property in the page’s print styles when color fidelity is important; enabling printBackground alone does not promise unchanged colors.
Use PDF options for pagination and downstream handling
- Scale: adjust the rendered content with
scale; the documented range is 0.1 to 2. - Page ranges: use
pageRangeswhen only selected pages are needed. - Headers and footers: use the header and footer template options for printed page details. Scripts are not evaluated in these templates, and page styles are not visible inside them.
- Accessibility and navigation: the API includes options to embed a document outline or create a tagged PDF.
- Buffer output:
page.pdf()returns a PDF buffer. Omitpathwhen your application needs to send the bytes elsewhere, store them, or process them in memory.
Use only the options that serve the output you need: paper geometry and margins affect pagination, while backgrounds and media emulation affect appearance. The Page API reference lists the available PDF options and their current details.
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Troubleshoot common PDF problems
- The PDF looks different from the browser tab: PDF generation uses print media by default. Call
page.emulateMedia({ media: 'screen' })beforepage.pdf()if you need screen styles. - Backgrounds are missing: set
printBackground: true. For exact CSS colors, also account for print color adjustment in the page’s CSS. - The paper dimensions do not match the CSS: check whether
formatis overridingwidthandheight. If CSS@pageshould control size, enablepreferCSSPageSize. - Header or footer styling or script output is absent: header/footer templates cannot see page styles, and scripts in the templates are not evaluated. Put required values directly in the template and style it there.
- The destination file is missing: confirm that
pathis relative to the process’s current working directory or provide an appropriate absolute path. Without a path, handle the returned buffer instead of expecting a file to be written. - Navigation fails or the page is incomplete: verify the URL is reachable from the machine running Playwright and wait for the page state or content your capture requires before calling
page.pdf().
Or skip the browser setup
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For PDF output, request the PDF format at the API endpoint. See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for current request options and output details.
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Further reading
For the page and navigation concepts used here, see the official Playwright Pages guide. For PDF arguments and behavior, refer to the Page API reference. Playwright’s separate MCP PDF Export documentation explicitly limits that MCP tool’s PDF generation to Chromium; that statement is scoped to the MCP tool and is not a complete browser-support statement for every Playwright page.pdf() API.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I get the PDF without saving it to disk?
Yes. Omit path and use the PDF buffer returned by page.pdf() in your application.
Does Playwright’s PDF Export MCP tool support Firefox or WebKit?
The Playwright MCP PDF Export documentation says PDF generation for that MCP tool is Chromium-only. That documentation does not establish a complete browser-support matrix for every page.pdf() API.
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