Set the browser viewport explicitly with cy.viewport(), visit the page, wait for the intended state, assert the responsive layout, and capture it with cy.screenshot(). Use { capture: 'viewport' } for one viewport image; Cypress otherwise defaults to a stitched full-page screenshot. Cypress captures images but does not compare them.
Capture the same page at responsive widths
Use a small set of widths chosen around your application’s actual CSS breakpoints. The dimensions below are illustrative, not Cypress-prescribed breakpoints. Replace the route and selector with ones from your application.
describe('responsive page screenshots', () => {
const widths = [390, 768, 1280]
widths.forEach((width) => {
it(`renders at ${width}px wide`, () => {
cy.viewport(width, 844)
cy.visit('/')
// Assert the layout you expect at this breakpoint.
cy.get('[data-testid="site-nav"]').should('be.visible')
cy.screenshot(`home-${width}`, { capture: 'viewport' })
})
})
})For useful responsive coverage, include widths immediately on either side of important breakpoints when the layout changes there. Set the viewport inside each test or its setup so each capture has an explicit size. Cypress’s viewport API uses CSS-pixel dimensions; the preview pane may scale the application to fit your display.
Choose the viewport dimensions and configuration
cy.viewport(width, height) sets the application viewport in CSS pixels. It also accepts a documented device-size preset and optional portrait or landscape orientation. Before a test changes it, Cypress documents a default viewport of 1000 × 660, and it restores its default size between tests. See the Cypress viewport API.
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To establish a suite-wide starting size, set viewportWidth and viewportHeight in Cypress configuration. Use cy.viewport() for per-test changes; current Cypress documentation says Cypress.config() cannot change those two values for the running test. Configuration options are documented in Cypress configuration.
A viewport preset is a convenient dimension choice, not a complete simulation of a named phone. Cypress does not simulate devicePixelRatio, so a resized viewport alone cannot establish touch behavior, physical-device rendering, or device-specific browser chrome.
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Choose what the screenshot contains
- One responsive viewport: Use
cy.screenshot('name', { capture: 'viewport' }). This is generally the clearest choice for comparing a particular responsive state. - The whole page: Cypress defaults to
capture: 'fullPage', which scrolls and stitches the page from top to bottom. Fixed and sticky elements can appear more than once in the resulting image. - The Cypress runner:
capture: 'runner'includes the Cypress Command Log. Failure screenshots are coerced to runner capture behavior. - A cropped area: Use
clip: { x, y, width, height }to specify the crop. - Hidden content: Use the
blackoutoption with selectors for elements you want hidden in an application capture.
Cypress disables timers and CSS animations by default during screenshot capture. The screenshot API also provides callbacks before and after capture, which can be used for controlled DOM changes and saved-image metadata. Check the screenshot API documentation for the current option details.
Wait for a stable page and assert the layout
Visit the route, then wait for a meaningful application condition before capturing. Prefer an assertion, an application signal, or a selector becoming available over an arbitrary delay. Screenshot capture is asynchronous, so the page can change between the command and the moment the image is taken.
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Make the test state what should be true at each width: for example, assert that a narrow layout shows a menu button, or that a grid has the expected number of columns. A screenshot records the result; an assertion makes the expected responsive behavior explicit. Cypress’s default disabling of timers and CSS animations helps, but it does not make changing backend data or application state deterministic.
For consistent visual results across runs, keep rendering environments consistent, wait for the page to settle, and control time-dependent content and application data. Cypress covers these practices in its visual testing guide.
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Find and preserve screenshot artifacts
The default screenshot directory is cypress/screenshots; set screenshotsFolder in Cypress configuration to change it. In cypress run, Cypress automatically captures screenshots when tests fail by default. It also clears asset folders before a run unless trashAssetsBeforeRuns is disabled, so do not assume earlier screenshot artifacts will remain after another run.
Failure screenshots are taken in cypress run, not automatically in cypress open. They use runner capture behavior. See the configuration reference and screenshot API for related settings.
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Know what Cypress screenshots do—and do not—test
cy.screenshot() captures an image; it does not compare that image with a baseline. Cypress’s official visual testing guide states: “Cypress does not perform image comparison itself.” If you need visual diffs, baseline review, or rendering across browsers and responsive widths, add a visual testing integration. Cypress discusses options including Percy, LambdaTest SmartUI, Sauce Labs Visual, Chromatic, and Happo in its visual testing guide; compare them by browser and viewport support, where rendering and diffs run, baseline approval workflow, CI fit, and whether hosted review is needed.
Or skip the browser setup
If you need a screenshot without writing or maintaining a Cypress test, ScreenshotNeo accepts a URL in one GET request and returns a PNG, JPEG, WebP, or PDF. For example, this cURL request captures a page as WebP; see the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for parameters, authentication, and response details:
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webpScreenshotNeo removes cookie and consent banners, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; each cleanup step can be turned off. Bot checks or CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed, and response headers indicate the page verdict and billing status. Its MCP server lets AI agents such as Claude and Cursor, or any MCP client, call screenshot tools. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 screenshots.
Sign up for ScreenshotNeo’s free plan.
Common problems and fixes
- The screenshot has the wrong dimensions: Set
cy.viewport(width, height)in the test before visiting or capturing, and use CSS-pixel dimensions. Do not rely on a resized runner preview as the application viewport. - The image includes more than the visible screen: Cypress defaults to full-page capture. Specify
{ capture: 'viewport' }for just the current viewport. - Sticky headers or buttons repeat in the image: This can happen when full-page capture scrolls and stitches the page. Use viewport capture if you only need the visible state.
- The image sometimes shows different content: Capture is asynchronous. Wait for the relevant UI state and control dynamic data or time-dependent content; disabling timers and CSS animations does not stabilize a changing backend.
- Previous screenshots disappear after a run: Cypress clears asset folders before runs by default. Preserve assets with the documented
trashAssetsBeforeRunsconfiguration when appropriate, or collect artifacts as part of your run workflow. - You expected a visual regression result: Cypress screenshots alone do not compare images. Add a visual testing integration if you need baseline diffs and review.
- A viewport preset does not match a physical phone: Viewport resizing does not simulate
devicePixelRatioor all device behavior. Validate touch and device-specific rendering on an appropriate real-device or emulation workflow.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Cypress’s default viewport size?
Cypress documents a default of 1000 × 660 CSS pixels before a test changes the viewport.
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Does cy.screenshot() compare screenshots automatically?
No. It captures an image; image comparison requires a visual testing integration.
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