Use Selenium’s TakesScreenshot interface to save the browser’s current visual viewport as a PNG. If Tamil appears as boxes, Selenium may still have captured the page correctly: check the Ubuntu browser’s Tamil font coverage and text shaping separately, then inspect the saved image.
Capture the current browser viewport with Java Selenium
This example opens a page in Chrome, saves a screenshot, and closes the browser even if navigation or saving fails. Replace the example URL with the page you want to capture. Selenium’s documented Java pattern uses ChromeDriver, TakesScreenshot, and OutputType.FILE; the Java NIO save method below requires Java 11 or later. Selenium’s screenshot documentation shows the corresponding save operation using Apache Commons IO.
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
public class CaptureTamilPage {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
try {
driver.get("https://example.com");
File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot) driver)
.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
Files.copy(screenshot.toPath(), Path.of("tamil-page.png"),
StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
System.out.println("Saved screenshot to " + Path.of("tamil-page.png").toAbsolutePath());
} finally {
driver.quit();
}
}
}The output file is written relative to the program’s working directory. Use an absolute path if you need a predictable destination. The Selenium API reference for version 4.28.0 documents TakesScreenshot and its output types: Java API reference.
Prerequisites and setup
- Use a Java runtime compatible with the Selenium version in your project. The sample’s
Path.ofcall specifically needs Java 11 or newer. - Install Selenium for Java using the dependency and build method appropriate to your project; versions and setup vary, so this example does not assume a particular build file.
- Have Chrome and a compatible ChromeDriver setup available on Ubuntu. ChromeDriver is a separate executable Selenium uses to control Chrome. Follow Google’s Linux guidance for the browser and driver environment: ChromeDriver getting started.
The appropriate commands and compatibility details depend on the Ubuntu release, Chrome build, Java runtime, and Selenium version. Record those versions when you need repeatable screenshots.
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Understand what the screenshot includes
A standard WebDriver screenshot captures the top-level browsing context’s visual viewport as a lossless PNG; it does not promise a stitched image of the entire long document. An element screenshot captures the visible area of an element’s bounding rectangle after it has been scrolled into view. See the living W3C WebDriver screenshot specification.
Set the browser’s viewport to the dimensions you need before capture. If you need a full-page image, choose a browser-specific full-page capability or implement and validate a scroll-and-stitch workflow for the browser you run. The WebDriver screenshot behavior described above is not a portable full-page recipe.
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Make sure Tamil text renders before capture
When Tamil characters appear as empty or crossed boxes, investigate font coverage and shaping independently of the screenshot call. The image can faithfully capture a page whose text was already rendered incorrectly by the browser.
- Confirm that the page itself displays representative Tamil text correctly in the same Chrome session before capturing it.
- Check that the Ubuntu environment has a Tamil-capable font available to the browser. Ubuntu Desktop 24.04 documentation notes that enabling language support can install components such as fonts and input methods, while support can vary between applications: Ubuntu language support.
- Check that the browser can shape the script. Noto identifies Noto Sans Tamil as a Tamil-script font and notes that Tamil needs complex-text-layout support. Browsers can use fallback fonts when the preferred font lacks characters: Noto Sans Tamil and Noto guidance on fallback fonts.
- Wait for the page’s content and fonts to load, take the image, then inspect the actual PNG for correct glyphs, shaping, clipping, and the intended viewport.
Font package names, browser settings, and output can differ across Ubuntu and Chrome releases; the documentation does not guarantee identical rendering in every browser package. An Ask Ubuntu thread reports user troubleshooting experiences with Tamil glyphs in Chrome and Edge, but it is anecdotal rather than a guaranteed fix: community discussion.
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Common problems and fixes
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| No screenshot file appears | The process may be writing to a different working directory, or saving may have failed. | Print the absolute destination path as in the sample, ensure the directory exists and is writable, and check for an exception from the copy operation. |
| Chrome does not start | Chrome or its driver is unavailable or incompatible with the environment. | Check the Chrome and ChromeDriver installation and consult Google’s Linux setup guidance. Compatibility cannot be inferred without the specific versions. |
| The image shows only the top portion of a long page | The standard screenshot is of the visual viewport, not a guaranteed full-document capture. | Use a browser-specific full-page method or a tested scroll-and-stitch approach; verify the result for the target browser. |
| Tamil glyphs are boxes or malformed | The browser may lack a suitable Tamil font or script shaping support. | Verify text rendering in the live browser first, check font availability and fallback, then recapture and inspect the PNG. |
| The page is blank or incomplete in the image | Capture may have happened before the page’s relevant content or fonts were ready. | Wait for a page-specific readiness condition, then verify the browser view before taking the screenshot. |
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