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1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesTo test navigation in Cypress, visit the starting page, perform the action that should navigate, then assert both the destination and—when practical—a meaningful part of the page there. Use cy.url() for the full URL or cy.location() to check the pathname, query string, or hash. The right pattern depends on whether you are testing a click, redirect, browser history, network-driven route change, or cross-origin transition.
Write a basic navigation test
A useful end-to-end test connects the starting state, a user action, and the resulting application state. Cypress’s introductory example follows this pattern with cy.visit(), a click, a URL assertion, and a page check. Cypress first end-to-end test
it('navigates from the home page to actions', () => {
cy.visit('/')
cy.contains('type').click()
cy.url().should('include', '/commands/actions')
cy.get('h1').should('be.visible')
})The final assertion matters: a URL can change even if the destination renders the wrong content or is incomplete. Check something that demonstrates the destination is usable, such as a page heading or a control the user expects.
Use a configured base URL
Set baseUrl in Cypress configuration, then use relative paths such as cy.visit('/') or cy.visit('/products'). Cypress recommends this instead of repeating a host and port throughout the spec, which makes tests easier to run across environments. Cypress best practices
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Choose the right URL assertion
cy.url() yields the full current URL and is an alias for the href location value. cy.location() lets you assert a specific component, which is often less brittle when the host, port, or unrelated query parameters differ. Cypress retries URL assertions until the chained assertion passes. cy.url() cy.location()
| What you are verifying | Assertion | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Full destination URL | cy.url() |
cy.url().should('include', '/commands/actions') |
| Route or redirect path | cy.location('pathname') |
cy.location('pathname').should('eq', '/users/1/edit') |
| Query state | cy.location('search') |
cy.location('search').should('include', 'q=shoes') |
| Hash route or fragment | cy.location('hash') |
cy.location('hash').should('include', '/settings') |
cy.get('[data-cy=edit-user]').click()
cy.location('pathname').should('eq', '/users/1/edit')For hash-based routing, the route and any query after # are part of the hash component, not the regular search component. Use a full-host assertion only when the host itself is part of the expected behavior; derive it from the configured baseUrl rather than hard-coding an environment-specific address. Cypress URL guide
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Test direct visits and redirects
cy.visit() follows redirects. To test the browser’s final destination after visiting a protected route, assert the resulting location:
cy.visit('/admin')
cy.location('pathname').should('eq', '/login')Cypress waits for the page’s load event; its documented visit requirements include an HTML response and a successful 2xx response after redirects. For a user-facing redirect test, assert the URL or location the browser actually reaches, then check a meaningful element on that page. cy.visit()
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Test browser back and forward
Use cy.go('back') and cy.go('forward') to exercise browser history; -1 and 1 are equivalent directions. Cypress waits for a page load when history navigation causes a full refresh. For history changes that do not load a new page, such as a hash change, the command resolves immediately. Assert the resulting state after the history command. cy.go()
it('returns to the product list with browser back', () => {
cy.visit('/products')
cy.get('[data-cy=product-link]').click()
cy.location('pathname').should('include', '/products/')
cy.go('back')
cy.location('pathname').should('eq', '/products')
cy.get('[data-cy=product-list]').should('be.visible')
})Test HTTP redirects separately from browser landing pages
A cy.visit() test tells you where the browser ends up. If the requirement is to inspect the HTTP redirect response itself, use cy.request() with followRedirect: false and assert the redirect destination information instead. These tests answer different questions: use a browser visit for user-visible behavior and a request for the HTTP response. cy.request() Cypress API testing
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Handle route changes that depend on network requests
Register an intercept before cy.visit() when the request can start during application initialization. Adding it after the visit resolves may be too late because the app may already have routed and issued the request. You can observe a real response or stub one, depending on whether the test is about the UI transition or the backend response. cy.visit() Cypress network requests
it('shows a user page after its data request', () => {
cy.intercept('GET', '/api/users/1').as('getUser')
cy.visit('/users/1')
cy.wait('@getUser')
cy.location('pathname').should('eq', '/users/1')
cy.get('[data-cy=user-name]').should('be.visible')
})Choose a stub when you need a controlled response to verify the UI’s handling of navigation. Observe the real response when the test needs to cover the integration with the backend.
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Test transitions to another origin
Use cy.origin() for Cypress commands that interact with a different origin during the same test. Current Cypress guidance applies this even to origins on the same superdomain. Cross-origin setup has changed: starting with Cypress 14.0.0, Cypress no longer injects document.domain by default. Check your installed Cypress version before adopting version-specific setup. Cross-origin testing cy.origin()
Keep the first-origin actions and the destination-origin interactions in their appropriate origin contexts. The precise commands depend on the destination and what the test needs to verify; do not treat a cross-origin transition like an ordinary same-origin route change.
Test links that open a new tab
Cypress lists a recipe category for links that open in a new tab. Consult the official recipe for the implementation appropriate to your case rather than assuming every link can be tested with the same click-and-URL pattern. Cypress recipes
Troubleshoot navigation tests
- The URL assertion fails intermittently: Use a retried Cypress assertion such as
cy.location('pathname').should('eq', '/target'), and select the URL component that represents success rather than matching an entire environment-specific URL. - The URL is right but the test still passes on a broken page: Add an assertion for a visible destination element or expected behavior.
- A redirect test asserts the original path:
cy.visit()follows redirects, so assert the final browser location instead. - An intercept misses a startup request: Move
cy.intercept()beforecy.visit()so it is registered before application initialization can issue the request. - A query assertion fails on a hash route: Check
cy.location('hash'); route data following#is not part of the regular search component. - A cross-origin command fails: Use
cy.origin()for interactions on the other origin and check whether your Cypress version is 14.0.0 or later before relying on olderdocument.domainbehavior. - You need the redirect response, not just the destination: Test with
cy.request()andfollowRedirect: falserather than relying on the browser visit result.
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