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Modern CSS color functions let you describe colors in perceptual models, name a color space, mix values with a chosen interpolation behavior, or derive new colors from an existing one. Use oklch() when you want lightness, chroma, and hue to remain readable as you adjust a palette; use color() to specify a space such as Display P3; and use color-mix() or relative color syntax for transformations. Check support for the exact syntax in your target browsers, and test final foreground/background contrast: a color function does not make a combination accessible by itself.
Which CSS color function should you use?
| Goal | Useful syntax | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Describe or adjust a color in perceptual dimensions | oklch() or oklab() |
oklch() exposes lightness, chroma, and hue; oklab() expresses lightness and two opponent axes. |
| Specify the color space explicitly | color() |
Names the space for the coordinates, including sRGB and wide-gamut spaces. |
| Blend two colors | color-mix() |
Sets an interpolation space and proportions for a color transition or blend. |
| Make a variant from a color already in the stylesheet | Relative color syntax | Starts from an origin color and copies or changes its channels. |
| Use whiteness, blackness, or other established models | hwb(), lab(), or lch() |
These provide alternative ways to express color coordinates. |
CSS Color Module Level 4 includes hwb(), lab(), lch(), oklab(), oklch(), and color(). These are not all drop-in replacements for hexadecimal or RGB notation: each representation and operation is useful for a different task. See the W3C CSS Color Module Level 4.
Use perceptual color notation for palette adjustments
oklch(): lightness, chroma, and hue
oklch() represents a color with lightness, chroma (colorfulness), and hue. Its channels make common design adjustments legible: change lightness to make a color lighter or darker, reduce chroma to make it less vivid, or shift hue while keeping the other dimensions in view.
:root {
--brand: oklch(62% 0.18 250);
--brand-muted: oklch(from var(--brand) l calc(c * 0.65) h);
}The second declaration uses relative color syntax to derive a lower-chroma value from --brand. The code illustrates the syntax; it is not a tested palette recommendation.
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oklab(): rectangular axes
oklab() uses lightness and two opponent axes rather than the lightness/chroma/hue arrangement. It can suit work where rectangular channel coordinates are more convenient than cylindrical controls. The W3C specification also defines the CIE-based lab() and lch() models; lch() likewise uses lightness, chroma, and hue.
hwb(): whiteness and blackness
hwb() is another color representation in the Level 4 family. Choose a notation for the way you need to reason about or manipulate a color, not because the function name alone promises a particular appearance or accessibility outcome.
Name a color space with color()
The color() function makes the coordinate system explicit. For example:
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.accent {
color: color(display-p3 1 0.5 0);
}The specification lists spaces including srgb, srgb-linear, display-p3, display-p3-linear, a98-rgb, prophoto-rgb, rec2020, and CIE XYZ spaces. The selected space affects how the coordinates are interpreted, and the visible result also depends on the display’s gamut. MDN documents the color-gamut media feature for detecting gamut support; consult its reference for color() when targeting a particular space.
Mix colors with color-mix()
The general form is color-mix(in <space>, <color> <percentage>, <color> <percentage>). For example, this defines a softer brand color by mixing the brand with white:
:root {
--brand: oklch(62% 0.18 250);
--brand-soft: color-mix(in oklch, var(--brand) 25%, white);
}The result depends on the chosen space and mix ratio. In polar spaces such as Oklch, the hue-interpolation path can affect the result too.
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Choose the interpolation space for the effect you want
- Oklab or Lab: MDN describes these as suitable for perceptually even spacing.
- Oklch or LCH: These can help maintain chroma and avoid a gray-looking midpoint.
- CIE XYZ or
srgb-linear: These are appropriate when simulating mixtures of physical light intensities.
These are choices of interpolation behavior, not guarantees that one space will look best in every design. If no interpolation method is specified, MDN documents Oklab as the default. For polar spaces, the default is shorter-hue interpolation.
Understand the percentages
When the percentage values do not total 100%, the browser normalizes them. If their sum is below 100%, the resulting color also receives an alpha multiplier corresponding to that sum. Account for that transparency when a blend seems lighter or more see-through than expected. For syntax details, see MDN’s color-mix() reference.
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Derive a color with relative color syntax
Relative syntax starts with a color function, the keyword from, an origin color, and output channel values. An output channel can copy the corresponding origin channel, set a new value, or use math to alter it. If alpha is omitted, the result inherits the origin’s alpha.
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The origin can be any valid color, including a custom property, currentColor, a system color, or another relative color. The documented function family includes color(), hsl(), hwb(), lab(), lch(), oklab(), oklch(), and rgb(). MDN’s guide to using relative colors explains the channel forms and examples.
Use this approach when variants should track a source value. Changing the source variable can then update dependent colors without separately maintaining every channel value.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Check browser support and accessibility
Support is feature-specific. MDN labels color-mix() Baseline Widely available since May 2023, while noting that some parts vary in support. That label is not a guarantee for every interpolation space, syntax form, or related color feature. Check compatibility for the exact function and syntax you use against the project’s actual browser targets; the MDN references for the <color> type and color() are starting points, not a substitute for checking each feature.
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The W3C CSS Color Module Level 4 says: “Authors should consider the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG21) when using color in their documents.” Choosing oklch(), mixing in a perceptual space, or adjusting lightness does not establish adequate contrast. Check the actual foreground and background pair in its rendered context, and do not rely on color alone to communicate important states.
Or skip the browser setup
If you need a rendered page screenshot to inspect a color change, you can capture it through ScreenshotNeo rather than setting up browser automation. Its API accepts one GET request with a URL and can return a screenshot or PDF. The following cURL example saves a WebP capture; the ScreenshotNeo documentation covers request options.
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webpCookie banners, newsletter popups, and chat widgets are removed before capture; those cleanup steps can be turned off. Bot checks or CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed, and the response identifies the page verdict and billing status in headers. An MCP server provides screenshot tools for AI agents, including Claude, Cursor, and other MCP clients. The Free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 shots.
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