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Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Use Selenium WebDriver to control the browser and TestNG to organize, configure, and run your Java tests. In a Maven project, add both as test dependencies, create a TestNG test with a WebDriver lifecycle, and run it through Maven Surefire or a TestNG suite file. Selenium setup requires the Java binding, a browser, and its corresponding driver; see Selenium’s getting-started guidance.
What TestNG and Selenium each do
Selenium WebDriver is the browser-automation API and protocol. A browser-specific driver mediates between Selenium and the browser. TestNG is the Java test framework: it supplies test annotations, setup and cleanup hooks, grouping, suite configuration, and execution. TestNG does not control the browser in place of Selenium.
The basic setup therefore includes a Java project, the Selenium Java binding, TestNG, a browser, and a compatible browser driver. Selenium documents the Maven-based Java dependency approach in its Java installation guide.
Add Selenium and TestNG to Maven
Add both libraries with test scope in your project’s pom.xml. The versions below are intentionally represented as Maven properties you must fill in: release numbers and Java requirements change, and the available official examples should not be treated as current version recommendations. Check the official TestNG Maven guide and Selenium Java installation guide before selecting versions.
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<properties>
<maven.compiler.release>17</maven.compiler.release>
<selenium.version>REPLACE_WITH_CURRENT_SELENIUM_VERSION</selenium.version>
<testng.version>REPLACE_WITH_CURRENT_TESTNG_VERSION</testng.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>${testng.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>Replace the version values before building. The example’s Java release is also a project choice, not a claim that every Selenium or TestNG release requires Java 17. Use a JDK compatible with the versions you select.
Write a browser test with setup and cleanup
This example uses Selenium’s ChromeDriver and checks the page title after navigation. It assumes Chrome and a compatible driver are available in the execution environment; driver installation and management depend on the browser and project setup. Replace the URL and expected title with values for the site under test.
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package example;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class HomePageTest {
private WebDriver driver;
@BeforeMethod
public void setUp() {
driver = new ChromeDriver();
}
@Test
public void pageHasExpectedTitle() {
driver.get("https://example.com");
Assert.assertEquals(driver.getTitle(), "Example Domain");
}
@AfterMethod(alwaysRun = true)
public void tearDown() {
if (driver != null) {
driver.quit();
}
}
}TestNG defines a test method as a Java method annotated with @Test (TestNG documentation). @BeforeMethod and @AfterMethod run around each test method, so this pattern gives each test a fresh browser session. The alwaysRun cleanup option helps ensure teardown runs even when the test fails or is skipped. Call quit() to end the session rather than leaving browser processes running.
Run the test with Maven
Maven Surefire can discover and execute TestNG tests in a conventional Maven test project. Run:
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mvn testSee the Maven Surefire TestNG guide for discovery and execution behavior. If the test does not run, confirm its class name and project layout match the configured Surefire discovery rules, and check the Maven test output for compilation or dependency errors.
Use testng.xml to select tests
A TestNG suite file lets you select classes, methods, and groups and configure execution. Save this example as src/test/resources/testng.xml:
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "https://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
<suite name="Browser suite">
<test name="Smoke tests">
<classes>
<class name="example.HomePageTest"/>
</classes>
</test>
</suite>TestNG suite XML can specify classes, groups, selected methods, and parallel execution settings. Consult the TestNG documentation for the available suite structure and command-line options. Ensure your Maven/Surefire configuration is set to use the suite file if you want Maven to execute that suite rather than rely on default class discovery.
Choose a browser lifecycle that fits your tests
Creating a browser for each method costs startup time but isolates cookies, navigation state, and other browser-session effects. A broader lifecycle can reduce repeated startup work, but makes state leakage and test-order dependencies more likely. Choose deliberately:
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- Use per-method setup and teardown when tests should be independent or when failures must not contaminate later tests.
- Use a broader shared session only when tests intentionally share state and you control ordering and cleanup.
- Keep the WebDriver reference scoped to the test instance or otherwise manage it carefully; mutable shared drivers are unsafe when tests run concurrently.
Add parallel execution only after isolating state
TestNG can parallelize methods, classes, <test> blocks, or instances. The right mode depends on what can run independently, not merely on the number of available threads. A suite can set a mode and thread count, for example:
<suite name="Parallel suite" parallel="classes" thread-count="3">
...
</suite>Before enabling parallel runs, check that each concurrent test has an independent browser session, test data cannot collide, and classes do not rely on mutable shared state. Parallelism can expose race conditions or overload an application or test environment; the setting itself does not make tests safe or guarantee faster completion.
Common problems and fixes
- Maven cannot resolve dependencies: Verify the artifact coordinates and version values in
pom.xml, confirm the selected versions are compatible with the project JDK, and rerun Maven after correcting them. - The test compiles but no tests run: Check Surefire’s TestNG integration and class discovery conventions, or configure execution to use the intended
testng.xml. The Surefire TestNG guide describes its execution behavior. - Browser startup fails: Confirm the browser is installed and that the matching browser driver can be found and launched in the environment. Selenium’s setup guidance explains the browser-and-driver prerequisites: Selenium installation.
- Later tests behave differently from the first: Use per-method browser setup, clear or recreate test data as appropriate, and avoid sharing a session unless the dependency is intentional.
- Parallel runs are flaky: Reduce or disable parallelism while checking session isolation, shared fields, and collisions in test data; then choose a concurrency unit that matches the tests’ independence.
- Browser processes remain after failures: Put
driver.quit()in an after-method cleanup hook and guard against a null driver if startup did not complete.
Or skip the browser setup
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