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Set deviceScaleFactor on the Playwright browser context before creating the page. It emulates the device pixel ratio (DPR); use the screenshot option scale separately to choose whether the saved image uses CSS-pixel or device-pixel dimensions.
Set deviceScaleFactor in a Node.js script
Install Playwright and its browser if they are not already available in your project. This CommonJS example launches Chromium, sets a 1280 × 720 CSS-pixel viewport and DPR of 2, then saves a screenshot at device-pixel resolution:
const { chromium } = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await chromium.launch();
try {
const context = await browser.newContext({
viewport: { width: 1280, height: 720 },
deviceScaleFactor: 2,
});
const page = await context.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com');
await page.screenshot({ path: 'screenshot.png', scale: 'device' });
} finally {
await browser.close();
}
})();
The context option belongs in browser.newContext(), so set it before creating pages that need the emulation settings. Playwright documents a default deviceScaleFactor of 1. See the Playwright emulation guide and BrowserType API.
Understand viewport, deviceScaleFactor, and screenshot scale
These settings control different things and should be chosen together:
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viewportis the browser page’s size in CSS pixels. Here, it is 1280 × 720 CSS pixels.deviceScaleFactoremulates the device pixel ratio. A value of2means two device pixels per CSS pixel.page.screenshot({ scale })determines the output image’s pixel dimensions.'css'produces one image pixel per CSS pixel;'device'produces one image pixel per device pixel. The documented default is'device'.
For the example’s viewport, scale: 'css' yields an image of 1280 × 720 pixels. With deviceScaleFactor: 2 and scale: 'device', it yields 2560 × 1440 pixels. Use CSS scale when the image should match CSS-pixel dimensions; use device scale when you want a higher-resolution image reflecting the emulated DPR. The Page API documents screenshot options.
Configure Playwright Test
If you use Playwright Test rather than launching a browser directly, put the context setting under use in your configuration:
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import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';
export default defineConfig({
use: {
viewport: { width: 1280, height: 720 },
deviceScaleFactor: 2,
},
});
The emulation guide also describes using these settings in test files. If you spread a predefined device descriptor into a context or configuration, put your explicit viewport after the spread so it takes precedence.
Choose settings for your screenshot’s purpose
- For CSS-sized output: set the intended viewport and use
scale: 'css'. The output dimensions match the viewport’s CSS-pixel dimensions. - For a high-DPI image: set the intended viewport and DPR, then use
scale: 'device'. Expect more output pixels as the factor increases. - For visual regression snapshots: keep the viewport, device scale factor, browser version, operating system, browser settings, hardware, power source, and headless mode consistent with the environment used to create the baseline. Playwright notes that these conditions can affect rendering and recommends generating and comparing snapshots in the same environment. See Visual comparisons.
Troubleshooting
The screenshot is not larger than the viewport dimensions
Check that deviceScaleFactor is set on the context used by the page and that the screenshot uses scale: 'device'. If you use scale: 'css', the image is intentionally one pixel per CSS pixel.
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The page does not behave as expected after changing the factor
Set the factor when creating the browser context, before creating the page. Verify that the screenshot page comes from that context rather than a different context with default settings.
Visual snapshots differ between runs
Compare the rendering environment as well as the screenshot options. Playwright identifies the operating system, browser version, settings, hardware, power source, and headless mode as factors that can affect rendering. Keep those conditions stable between baseline generation and comparison.
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Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo takes website screenshots through one API request. For example, this cURL call saves a WebP screenshot; see the API documentation for request options.
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.com -o shot.webp
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Sign up for ScreenshotNeo’s free plan.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does deviceScaleFactor change the viewport size?
No. The viewport remains measured in CSS pixels; the factor emulates the device pixel ratio.
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Which screenshot scale should I use for a high-DPI image?
Use scale: 'device' with the desired context device scale factor.
Quick Recap
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