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Use Selenium’s set_window_size(width, height) to resize the browser for each target size, then save a screenshot with save_screenshot(). The Python example below creates a PNG for each width, checks that saving succeeded, and closes the browser even if a capture fails.

Capture a page at several window sizes

Install Selenium and the browser/driver setup appropriate for your environment. This example uses Selenium’s Python API with Chrome. The dimensions are examples; replace them with the sizes or breakpoints your project needs.

from pathlib import Path
from selenium import webdriver

url = "https://example.com"
viewports = [(375, 812), (768, 1024), (1280, 900)]
out = Path("screenshots")
out.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    for width, height in viewports:
        driver.set_window_size(width, height)
        driver.get(url)
        filename = out / f"page-{width}x{height}.png"
        ok = driver.save_screenshot(str(filename))
        if not ok:
            raise OSError(f"Could not save screenshot at {width}x{height}")
finally:
    driver.quit()

set_window_size(width, height) sets the current browser window dimensions in pixels. save_screenshot(path) writes the current window screenshot as a PNG and returns False if it encounters an I/O error. The example gives each capture a unique filename so later iterations do not overwrite earlier images. See Selenium’s window and tab interactions and the Selenium 4.50.0 Python WebDriver API.

Choose dimensions and confirm the actual viewport

The width and height passed to Selenium are browser window dimensions, not a documented guarantee of the page’s exact CSS content viewport. Browser chrome, operating-system behavior, and browser-driver details can affect the rendered area. If the test must hit an exact CSS width, inspect the page after resizing—for example, read window.innerWidth with driver.execute_script("return window.innerWidth")—and adjust the window size until it matches.

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Use width-height pairs that reflect the layouts you need to check. The sample values are illustrative, not a required breakpoint set. If only width matters to your test, still choose a height that avoids changing the page’s behavior in unintended ways, such as triggering a height-dependent layout or leaving important content outside the visible area.

Decide whether to reload and when to capture

The loop navigates to the URL after each resize, which makes each capture begin with a page load at the target window dimensions. If your objective is to inspect resizing behavior on an already-loaded page, navigate once before the loop and resize between captures instead. Those are different tests: reloading can reset page state, while resizing in place can preserve it.

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For pages with asynchronous content, wait for the state relevant to your test before saving. There is no universal ready condition for every site. Use an explicit Selenium wait for a page-specific element or state rather than assuming that navigation alone means all dynamic content is ready. The example leaves that condition out because the correct selector and expected state depend on the page.

Desktop responsive sizing or mobile emulation?

Resizing the browser window is appropriate for checking ordinary responsive layouts at desktop-style content widths. If the test requires a device-style Chromium profile, use mobile emulation instead: Chromium options support emulated screen width, height, and pixel ratio. That configures more than just a desktop window size, so choose it when the test requires device metrics rather than only a particular responsive width. See Selenium’s Chromium Options documentation for its device-metrics example.

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Troubleshoot failed or misleading captures

  • Images are missing or content is incomplete: the page may load that content asynchronously. Wait for the specific image, element, or application state your test requires before calling save_screenshot().
  • The layout does not match the requested CSS width: set_window_size() controls the browser window. Measure window.innerWidth after resizing and calibrate the window dimensions if exact CSS pixels matter.
  • A screenshot appears to have been overwritten: use a filename containing the width and height, as in the example, and ensure the chosen dimensions are unique in the list.
  • The image was not written: check the Boolean returned by save_screenshot(), confirm the output directory is writable, and verify the path. The example creates its output directory first and raises an error if saving returns False.
  • The browser remains open after an exception: keep driver.quit() in a finally block so the session is closed whether the loop succeeds or fails.
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For setup and available parameters, see the ScreenshotNeo documentation. This cURL example uses the requested target URL; replace it with the page you want to capture:

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