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Run Robot Framework tests from a project’s Python environment with the robot command, followed by a test file or directory—for example, robot tests/example.robot or robot tests/. Install Robot Framework and the suite’s dependencies in that same environment, then use command-line options to select tests and set import paths. A run produces XML output and, by default, an HTML report and log.
What you need before running tests
- A Python interpreter available in your shell.
- Robot Framework and any libraries required by the test suite, installed in the interpreter’s environment.
- Suite data—typically files ending in
.robot—with aTest Casessection and the libraries or resources those tests use.
A project-specific virtual environment helps keep these dependencies separate from other Python projects. The official Robot Framework User Guide documents execution and command-line options; the installation guidance covers setup. Check the current guidance for the release you plan to install, since compatibility details can change.
Create an environment and install Robot Framework
- Create an environment in the project directory:
python -m venv .venv. - Activate
.venvusing the command for your operating system and shell. Activation commands differ, so use the relevant Python documentation for your setup. - Install Robot Framework into that environment:
python -m pip install robotframework. Install any additional libraries the suite needs into the same environment. - Check the runner:
robot --version. If several Python installations are available, confirm that your shell is using the intended environment.
When it is unclear which installation a robot executable belongs to, invoke Robot Framework through the selected interpreter instead: python -m robot.
Prepare the suite files
Robot Framework test data is commonly stored in .robot files. A suite needs a Test Cases section; its settings can import libraries and resource files that supply the keywords used by the tests. Organize those files so the runner can resolve them from the project’s paths. See the official test data guide for suite structure and imports.
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Run a file or directory
The basic command is robot [options] path/to/tests. Put options before the file or directory argument.
| Goal | Command |
|---|---|
| Run one suite file | robot tests/example.robot |
| Run suites in a directory | robot tests/ |
| Run a directory with a specific Python interpreter | python -m robot tests/ |
Include tests tagged smoke and set a variable |
robot --include smoke --variable HOST:10.0.0.42 path/to/tests/ |
The last command illustrates the documented option format; replace the tag, variable, and path with values for your project. It is an example, not a claim that the command has been run.
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Run only the tests you intend to run
For a focused run, select by test name, tag, suite, or file path. The --test option (short form -t) selects tests by name, and it can be used more than once to match multiple names. The guide documents other execution-selection options, including tag-based selection; consult its test selection reference for the available forms and details.
Make filters explicit in scripts and CI commands. A misspelled name or tag can produce an unexpectedly narrow run or leave no matching tests, so check the console output and selected results rather than assuming the filter worked.
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Choose a way to launch execution
| Method | Best suited to | Consideration |
|---|---|---|
robot |
Terminal use and CI | Convenient when PATH points to the intended environment. |
python -m robot |
Runs where interpreter choice matters | Uses the Robot Framework installed for the specified Python interpreter. |
| RobotCode IDE integration | Interactive selection, debugging, and breakpoints | Setup and behavior depend on the editor and its integration. |
| Python API | Python programs that need to launch tests and pass options programmatically | Match the call and options to the installed Robot Framework version. |
The official documentation covers running tests in an IDE and the Python API for programmatic execution. The API guide shows a pattern such as from robot import run, then run('tests.robot', variable=['BROWSER:chrome'], outputdir='results'). IDE debugging capabilities depend on the editor integration and configuration.
Find reports and output files
By default, a run creates an XML output file and an HTML report and log. Use output options such as --outputdir to direct artifacts to a chosen location; keeping them in a known directory makes them easier to retain in CI or combine later. Rebot can post-process execution output and combine results.
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Troubleshoot common run problems
The wrong Robot Framework installation runs
If the shell cannot find robot, or the command reports a version different from the one expected, check which environment is active and where the command resolves. Use python -m robot with the intended interpreter to avoid ambiguity between Python installations.
A library or resource import cannot be found
Confirm that the required dependency is installed in the active environment and that the resource or custom library is in the project’s import paths. Robot Framework’s --pythonpath option adds a path for resolving Python libraries and related modules. For example, the official guide shows robot --pythonpath . tests/suiteA.robot. Configure an equivalent project path in the IDE when launching there.
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No tests run or the selection is wrong
Review the test name or tag filter and the path passed as the data argument. Check the runner’s console output and the generated results to see whether the intended tests were selected.
Expected output files are missing
Check the command’s output-directory settings and the location from which it was launched. In automation, set an explicit output directory and preserve the generated XML and HTML artifacts before a job cleans its workspace.
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