Android 6.0 Marshmallow (M, API 23) introduced runtime requests for dangerous permissions. If your app targets API 23 or higher and runs on Android 6.0 or later, check permission state when a feature needs protected access, request permission at that point, and handle either outcome. Android 7.0 Nougat (N, API 24) did not replace that request flow; its related permission changes concern file access and sharing.
What changed in Android M—and what did not change in N
Before Android 6.0, users generally granted an app’s declared permissions during installation. With the runtime model, users can manage dangerous permissions after installation. For apps targeting API 23 or later, Android 6.0 and later require the app to check and request dangerous permissions as needed. Android’s current guide says apps installed on Android 5.1 (API 22) or lower receive permissions automatically under this workflow. The Android 6.0 testing guide also notes that the change affects apps running on Android 6.0 even if they do not target it; legacy compatibility behavior is limited, so testing the runtime flow is preferable to relying on that behavior. See Android 6.0 Changes and the Android 6.0 Testing Guide.
Android 7.0 is API 24. Its behavior-change documentation does not describe a new runtime permission-request sequence. Instead, it addresses private app file access and inter-app file sharing: apps targeting Android 7.0 should share files with content:// URIs and temporary access grants, commonly using FileProvider. Exposing a file:// URI outside the app can trigger FileUriExposedException. These are related security changes, not additional steps in the runtime permission flow. See Android 7.0 Behavior Changes.
| Platform | Relevant change | What to do |
|---|---|---|
| Android 6.0 M (API 23) | Introduced runtime management of dangerous permissions for apps targeting API 23 or later. | Declare the permission, check it when the feature needs access, request it if needed, and handle the result. |
| Android 7.0 N (API 24) | No new runtime-request sequence is documented; relevant permission changes concern file access and URI sharing. | Use content URIs with temporary grants when sharing files between apps; do not expose file URIs. |
Request a dangerous permission when a feature needs it
First decide whether the feature truly needs protected data or a system resource; some use cases can avoid a permission request. If access is necessary, connect the request to a user-understood action, such as starting the feature that needs it. Declare the permission in the manifest, but do not treat that declaration as a grant. Check the current state before each protected operation because a previous grant may have been revoked.
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- Declare the permission. Add the required permission to the app manifest.
- Check the current grant. Use
ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission()before accessing the protected resource. - Explain when appropriate. If access is denied, call
ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(). When it indicates that an explanation is appropriate, explain what the feature needs and why, and give the user a way to cancel. - Request access. Prefer AndroidX’s
RequestPermissionorRequestMultiplePermissionsactivity-result contracts when possible. The request-code approach andonRequestPermissionsResult()are documented alternatives. - Handle the result. Continue the requested task if access is granted. If it is denied, communicate what the feature cannot do and let the user continue using the rest of the app where possible.
The system dialog identifies the permission being requested; it does not explain why your particular feature needs it. The explanation, when appropriate, is the app’s responsibility. Follow Android’s runtime permission request guide for the API details.
Make denial and revocation safe
A permission is not a one-time assumption that can be carried forward indefinitely. Check it again before protected work, and make the app behave sensibly if the user denies the request or later revokes access in Settings. Avoid blocking unrelated parts of the app when only one feature depends on that permission. Android’s permission best practices recommend requesting access in context and gracefully handling refusal.
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- Continue without the protected feature when practical.
- Tell the user what capability is unavailable rather than presenting an unexplained failure.
- Do not repeatedly request access without regard to the user’s choice; provide an appropriate path back to the feature or settings when needed.
Test grants, denials, and permission changes
Android’s Android 6.0 testing guidance recommends identifying permission declarations and the code paths that use them, exercising those user flows, and testing combinations of granted and revoked permissions. During migration testing, target API 23 so the app opts into runtime behavior. Use an emulator or device to verify the actual feature behavior for each relevant state; the commands below help inspect or change permissions during testing.
adb shell pm list permissions -d -glists dangerous permissions by group.adb shell pm grant <permission.name>grants a permission for testing.adb shell pm revoke <permission.name>revokes a permission for testing.
Test the feature after an initial grant, after denial, and after revocation in Settings. Also verify that a user can cancel an explanatory prompt without leaving the rest of the app unusable. The commands and migration advice are documented in the Android 6.0 Testing Guide.
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Do not build logic around permission groups
Permission groups help Android manage its dialogs, but app behavior should not depend on a permission’s group membership or infer that granting one permission means another is granted. Check each permission your feature needs directly, using Android’s documented grant-state APIs.
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