Angular does not provide one official “tree table” component. Build this interface by combining a hierarchy model and expansion behavior (tree patterns) with a tabular renderer (CDK or Angular Material table). Then choose native table markup or the documented flex-based alternative according to your sizing and semantics requirements.
Choose the interaction model first
The most important decision is whether rows are merely indented or behave as a real tree.
Real tree behavior
Use a tree pattern when users must expand and collapse nodes, move through the hierarchy with the keyboard, and understand parent–child relationships as a navigable structure. Typical examples include file and document hierarchies, nested menus, organization charts, hierarchical browsing, and nested site navigation.
A true tree requires tree roles, levels, expanded state, and keyboard handling consistent with Angular’s tree guidance. A table that happens to indent child rows does not automatically provide those semantics.
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Indented table rows
Use a table with visual indentation when the primary task is comparing columns—such as owner, status, date, or amount—and hierarchy is supporting context. Add an explicit expand/collapse button and an accessible label, but do not describe the result as a fully navigable tree unless you implement tree interactions and semantics.
Compose the Angular pieces
Keep the data and behavior separate from presentation:
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- Hierarchy model: represent each node with an identifier, parent relationship, depth, children, and expansion state.
- Flattened view: derive the rows currently visible after expansion. Each row should retain its depth so the first column can indent it.
- Table layer: use
mat-tablewhen you want Material styling and integrations, or the lower-level CDK table when you need an unopinionated, highly customized renderer. - Tree behavior: use the tree patterns and accessibility model when keyboard navigation and hierarchical semantics are requirements.
Angular Material schematics can scaffold a table data source with sorting and pagination, and a separate mat-tree for nested folders. They do not generate a combined tree-table component, so the flattening, expansion, and interaction code remains application-specific.
Implement a Material table with expandable hierarchy
The following pattern keeps a table’s columns while exposing expansion through the first column. The exact imports and APIs should match the Angular and Material version used by your application.
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1. Define nodes and visible rows
export interface AccountNode {
id: string;
name: string;
owner: string;
status: string;
children?: AccountNode[];
}
export interface AccountRow extends AccountNode {
depth: number;
expandable: boolean;
}
expanded = new Set<string>();
flatten(nodes: AccountNode[], depth = 0): AccountRow[] {
const rows: AccountRow[] = [];
for (const node of nodes) {
const children = node.children ?? [];
rows.push({ ...node, depth, expandable: children.length > 0 });
if (this.expanded.has(node.id)) {
rows.push(...this.flatten(children, depth + 1));
}
}
return rows;
}
toggle(row: AccountRow): void {
if (!row.expandable) return;
this.expanded.has(row.id)
? this.expanded.delete(row.id)
: this.expanded.add(row.id);
this.dataSource.data = this.flatten(this.rootNodes);
}2. Render columns and the expansion control
<table mat-table [dataSource]="dataSource">
<ng-container matColumnDef="name">
<th mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef>Name</th>
<td mat-cell *matCellDef="let row">
<button
*ngIf="row.expandable"
type="button"
mat-icon-button
[attr.aria-label]="(expanded.has(row.id) ? 'Collapse ' : 'Expand ') + row.name"
[attr.aria-expanded]="expanded.has(row.id)"
(click)="toggle(row)">
<mat-icon>{{ expanded.has(row.id) ? 'expand_more' : 'chevron_right' }}</mat-icon>
</button>
<span class="tree-label" [style.--depth]="row.depth">{{ row.name }}</span>
</td>
</ng-container>
<ng-container matColumnDef="owner">
<th mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef>Owner</th>
<td mat-cell *matCellDef="let row">{{ row.owner }}</td>
</ng-container>
<ng-container matColumnDef="status">
<th mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef>Status</th>
<td mat-cell *matCellDef="let row">{{ row.status }}</td>
</ng-container>
<tr mat-header-row *matHeaderRowDef="displayedColumns"></tr>
<tr mat-row *matRowDef="let row; columns: displayedColumns;"></tr>
</table>.tree-label {
display: inline-block;
padding-inline-start: calc(var(--depth) * 1.5rem);
}This is an expandable, indented table. If users must move between nodes with tree-specific keyboard behavior, add the corresponding tree semantics and interaction model rather than relying on indentation alone.
Use native or flex-based table layout deliberately
Angular Material documentation describes a flex-based table alternative that replaces native HTML table elements with flex containers. It can help when you need CSS-driven responsive sizing or custom row layouts, but verify the markup against the version installed in your application because the documented example is versioned.
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| Choice | Best fit | Important limitation |
|---|---|---|
| Native Material/CDK table | Conventional columns, table semantics, sorting, pagination, and sticky columns | Column sizing follows table-layout behavior and browser table rules. |
| Flex-based Material table | CSS flex sizing, custom responsive arrangements, or nonstandard row presentation | It does not behave like a native table in every layout and accessibility detail. |
In current CDK source, fixedLayout enforces consistent column widths and optimizes sticky-style work for native tables. It is a no-op for flex tables, so do not use that input as a flex-column sizing control.
Sorting, pagination, and expansion state
Apply sorting and pagination to the flattened rows only when that matches the user’s mental model. Paginating visible descendants can separate a parent from its children; paginating top-level branches first may be clearer for large hierarchies. Preserve expansion by stable node IDs, not array indexes, so refreshes and sorting do not open the wrong branch.
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- Recompute the flattened data after every expansion or collapse.
- Keep expansion state separate from server data so a reload does not mutate the domain model.
- For lazy-loaded children, expose a loading state on the parent row and announce errors in an accessible status region.
- When filtering, decide whether to show matching descendants alone or include their ancestor path; document that behavior in the UI.
Accessibility checklist
- Give every expand/collapse control an accessible name containing the node name.
- Reflect state with
aria-expanded; do not use an icon alone. - Keep focus on the control after expansion and collapse.
- For a true tree, implement the documented tree keyboard model, levels, and relationships; test with keyboard-only navigation and a screen reader.
- Ensure indentation is not the sole indication of parentage; provide text or semantic relationships as appropriate.
- Check contrast, focus visibility, and hit-target size at every depth.
Should you use Angular Flex-Layout?
The Angular Flex-Layout repository states that the Angular team no longer publishes new releases. It exposes Flexbox and media-query APIs, but a new feature should first verify package compatibility with the project’s Angular version and consider ordinary CSS layout instead. This decision is independent of whether the hierarchy is rendered with a table or a tree.
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Decision guide
| Requirement | Recommended approach |
|---|---|
| Keyboard-navigable hierarchy | Implement a genuine tree interaction model; add tabular columns only where they do not weaken tree semantics. |
| Column comparison with optional nesting | Flatten the hierarchy into a Material or CDK table and provide explicit expansion controls. |
| Material styling plus sorting or pagination | Start with mat-table and its data-source patterns. |
| Maximum rendering control | Use the CDK table and supply your own templates and styles. |
| Responsive flex sizing | Evaluate the versioned flex-table pattern, remembering that fixedLayout does not size flex columns. |
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