Overlapping text in jsPDF is almost always a layout-calculation problem: a paragraph wrapped to more lines than your code allowed for, but the next block still uses a fixed one-line y increment. Wrap text with splitTextToSize(), set the font and size before measuring, use a line-height factor that matches your design, and advance the next block by the actual number of rendered lines. Also keep coordinates, widths, and font metrics in the same document units.
Why jsPDF text overlaps
Each doc.text() call is positioned independently. jsPDF does not automatically reserve vertical space for a paragraph unless you provide multiline content and appropriate spacing. A common pattern such as y += 10 works for a single line, then fails when a longer string wraps to three or four lines. The following block is still placed only 10 units lower, so it is drawn over the paragraph.
Other causes include using a width measured in pixels with a document configured in millimetres, changing the font after measuring, setting a very small line-height factor, or asking a standard PDF font to render characters it does not contain. Fix the underlying layout data rather than trying random y offsets.
The reliable fix: wrap first, then calculate the next y position
- Select the font and size. Font metrics affect both wrapping and visual height, so do this before measuring text.
- Define the available width in the units used by the jsPDF instance.
- Call
splitTextToSize(text, maxWidth). It returns an array containing the lines that fit the width. - Render the array in one
text()call and pass a deliberatelineHeightFactor. - Advance the cursor using the line count. Add a small gap before placing the next block.
The official API documents a default lineHeightFactor of 1.15. A value such as 1.25 or 1.3 is often easier to read, but the right value depends on your font and design. The documented default for a maxWidth option is 0, which means no automatic splitting through that option; explicitly wrapping is safer for predictable layouts.
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Complete working example (millimetres)
import jsPDF from "jspdf";
const doc = new jsPDF({ unit: "mm", format: "a4" });
doc.setFont("helvetica", "normal");
doc.setFontSize(12);
const margin = 15;
const pageWidth = doc.internal.pageSize.getWidth();
const contentWidth = pageWidth - margin * 2;
const lineHeightFactor = 1.3;
const paragraph = "A long paragraph can wrap onto several lines. The next block must be placed after every one of those lines, not after an assumed single line.";
const lines = doc.splitTextToSize(paragraph, contentWidth);
const startY = 30;
doc.text(lines, margin, startY, { lineHeightFactor });
// jsPDF font size is in points; convert the line step to the document's mm units.
const lineStep = (12 * lineHeightFactor) / 72 * 25.4;
const gap = 4;
const nextY = startY + lines.length * lineStep + gap;
doc.text("This heading now starts below the complete paragraph.", margin, nextY);
doc.save("no-overlap.pdf");This is an implementation pattern, not a universal metric for every font. Inspect the PDF after changing the font, size, width, unit, alignment, or line-height. The conversion above is appropriate for a millimetre document because jsPDF font sizes are specified in points; if you create the document in inches or points, calculate the step in those units instead of copying the millimetre conversion.
Keep wrapping and coordinates in the same units
The x and y coordinates use the unit selected in new jsPDF({ unit: ... }). splitTextToSize() also expects its width in the instance’s default units. For example, with unit: "mm", margins and maxWidth must be millimetres. Do not subtract a pixel margin from a millimetre page width.
const doc = new jsPDF({ unit: "in" });
const margin = 0.6; // inches
const width = doc.internal.pageSize.getWidth() - margin * 2;
const lines = doc.splitTextToSize(text, width);If the text appears unexpectedly narrow or extends into a margin, log the page width, margin, and calculated content width. Also check that you did not pass a page-width value from a different document instance.
Three ways to control multiline text
Explicit splitTextToSize() plus manual positioning
This gives the most control. You know the exact line array, can calculate the block height, and can decide when to add a page. It is the best choice for invoices, reports, and mixed content where later elements depend on the paragraph height.
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Pass a width to text()
The text() API accepts an array of strings for multiline output and supports options such as maxWidth and lineHeightFactor. This can be convenient for a small, fixed block. You still need to account for the resulting line count when positioning content that follows; do not assume the call consumed one line.
const lines = doc.splitTextToSize(description, 90);
doc.text(lines, 20, 40, { lineHeightFactor: 1.2 });Use a higher-level layout or table plugin
For tables or repeated rows, a layout plugin can calculate row positions for you. The official material documents the core wrapping and text mechanisms, but it does not establish a particular plugin recommendation. Verify the plugin’s pagination and font behavior against your installed jsPDF version before adopting it.
Preventing overlap across multiple blocks
Maintain a cursor and return the new cursor position from a helper. This avoids scattered magic numbers.
function addParagraph(doc, text, x, y, width, options = {}) {
const fontSize = options.fontSize ?? 11;
const lineHeightFactor = options.lineHeightFactor ?? 1.25;
const gap = options.gap ?? 3;
doc.setFont(options.font ?? "helvetica", options.style ?? "normal");
doc.setFontSize(fontSize);
const lines = doc.splitTextToSize(text, width);
doc.text(lines, x, y, { lineHeightFactor });
// For a document configured in millimetres.
const lineStep = (fontSize * lineHeightFactor) / 72 * 25.4;
return y + lines.length * lineStep + gap;
}
let y = 25;
y = addParagraph(doc, firstParagraph, 15, y, 180);
y = addParagraph(doc, secondParagraph, 15, y, 180);If your document uses a unit other than millimetres, replace the conversion with the corresponding points-to-unit conversion. Keep this conversion in one helper so it cannot drift between sections.
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Handle page boundaries before drawing
A correctly calculated paragraph can still run off the bottom of a page. Before rendering a block, estimate its height from the line count and compare the final y position with the page’s bottom margin.
function ensureSpace(doc, y, lineCount, lineStep, bottomMargin = 15) {
const pageHeight = doc.internal.pageSize.getHeight();
const required = lineCount * lineStep;
if (y + required > pageHeight - bottomMargin) {
doc.addPage();
return 20; // top margin on the new page, in the document's units
}
return y;
}
const lines = doc.splitTextToSize(paragraph, contentWidth);
const lineStep = (12 * 1.3) / 72 * 25.4;
y = ensureSpace(doc, y, lines.length, lineStep);
doc.text(lines, margin, y, { lineHeightFactor: 1.3 });For a block that must stay together, check its full height before drawing. For long content, split it into page-sized chunks and repeat headers or other elements deliberately. Do not place the first half, discover the overflow afterward, and then attempt to move already-rendered text.
When lines inside one text array look too close
An array passed to text() is rendered as multiline text. The API shifts each line according to the active font spacing settings. Set lineHeightFactor in the same call and ensure the font size was set immediately before it.
doc.setFontSize(10);
doc.text(lines, 15, 40, { lineHeightFactor: 1.35 });If lines still collide, check for a later setFontSize() call, a very large font with a small factor, or a custom font whose visual metrics differ from the default font. Increasing line height fixes vertical crowding; it does not fix incorrect wrapping or overlapping separate blocks.
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Fix long lines and margin collisions
splitTextToSize() wraps according to the selected font’s width and kerning tables where available. Set maxWidth to the actual content width, not the page width, and account for both margins, indents, and any column gap.
- Calculate
contentWidth = pageWidth - leftMargin - rightMargin. - Use the same unit for page width, margins, and
maxWidth. - Measure again after changing font family, style, or size.
- For columns, subtract the gutter before splitting each column’s text.
Words with no break points, such as very long URLs, may still require special handling. Insert an intentional break, shorten the displayed label, or render the URL in a smaller dedicated area rather than allowing it to run through a neighboring column.
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Spacing adjustments cannot repair missing glyphs. jsPDF’s README notes that its 14 standard PDF fonts are limited to ASCII. Accented characters, non-Latin scripts, emoji, and many symbols require a TTF font containing those glyphs.
- Obtain a TTF font with the required character coverage and licensing.
- Convert and register it using the jsPDF font-vFS workflow described in the project documentation.
- Call
setFont()andsetFontSize()before wrapping. - Re-run
splitTextToSize()after selecting the custom font, because its widths differ from Helvetica or another standard font.
A fallback font can change line lengths and therefore every downstream y coordinate. Treat a font change as a layout change, not merely a visual substitution.
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Debugging checklist
- Log every block: print its starting y, line count, line step, and calculated ending y.
- Draw temporary guides: render a light rectangle for the content width and a horizontal line at each computed baseline.
- Confirm call order: font, size, wrapping, and rendering should occur in that order.
- Check the active page: a block may be drawn on a different page than the one whose dimensions you used.
- Inspect the generated PDF: viewers can have different zoom and font-rendering behavior; compare at 100% and after printing.
- Lock the jsPDF version: if behavior differs from the current API reference, consult the documentation matching your installed version.
Common symptoms, causes, and fixes
| Symptom | Likely cause | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Next paragraph covers the previous one | Fixed y increment after wrapped text | Use the returned line count and calculated line step. |
| Text runs into the right margin | maxWidth is missing, too large, or in another unit |
Compute available width in the document’s configured unit and pass it to splitTextToSize(). |
| Lines in one array touch | Line-height factor is too small or font size changed | Set lineHeightFactor explicitly and verify the active font size. |
| Accents or symbols appear as boxes | Standard font lacks the glyphs | Embed a suitable TTF and wrap after selecting it. |
| Layout changes after a font update | Different glyph widths changed wrapping | Re-measure every paragraph and regenerate page-break decisions. |
| Content disappears below the page | No bottom-margin or page-break check | Estimate block height before drawing, then add a page when needed. |
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FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
Does jsPDF automatically wrap text passed as one long string?
Not reliably for your layout unless you provide a width or create wrapped lines yourself. Explicitly call splitTextToSize() when subsequent positions depend on the paragraph height.
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Use line-height to separate baselines when lines within one block collide. Use font size for typography. Changing either requires rewrapping and recalculating later y positions.
Why does the same code overlap only with some languages?
Different glyph widths and missing characters change wrapping. Standard jsPDF fonts cover ASCII only; embed a TTF with the needed UTF-8 glyphs, then measure with that font active.
Can I fix overlap by adding a fixed 20-unit gap after every paragraph?
Only if every paragraph is guaranteed to be one line. A fixed gap must be added after the calculated height, not used instead of it.
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