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To restrict a webpage with Cloudflare, put it behind Cloudflare Access and create an Allow policy for the people or systems that should reach it. You can protect an entire hostname, a subdomain, or a specific path. For a small invited audience, One-time PIN can send a login code to approved email addresses; teams can use an identity provider, and automated clients can use service tokens.
Access is identity-based authorization, not a shared password field or a login form you add to the webpage. It checks requests before they reach the application. The steps below cover a public hostname, a private origin, path-level rules, automated access, testing, and common failures.
What Cloudflare Access does—and what it does not do
Cloudflare Access sits in front of an application and checks each request against its policies before allowing it through. This means a visitor must authenticate and match an Allow policy; merely knowing the URL is not enough. Cloudflare documents Access applications as deny by default, so plan to create an Allow policy for the intended audience.
“Password-protect” is a convenient way to describe the outcome, but the mechanism is usually not one password shared by everyone. Access can authenticate an invited visitor using a one-time email PIN, authenticate employees through an identity provider, or authorize an automated client using a service token. Choose the approach based on who needs access and how they will connect.
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Choose the right setup for your page
| Situation | Use | What to plan for |
|---|---|---|
| A few invited people need browser access | One-time PIN and an email-based Allow policy | Only permitted email addresses should match the policy. |
| A team needs access managed through its organization | An identity provider and selectors such as groups | Configure the identity provider and ensure the right users or groups match the Allow policy. |
| A script, CI job, monitor, or agent needs access | Service Auth policy and a service token | Send the token headers securely; do not expose its secret in source control. |
| The web app is on a home, office, or other private network | Cloudflare Tunnel together with Access | A device running cloudflared must be able to reach the app locally. |
These options address different clients: a human browser, an organization-managed user, an automated machine, or a private-network origin. You can also narrow which hostname or URL path the application covers.
Protect a public webpage with a one-time PIN
Before you begin
- The hostname must belong to an active zone in your Cloudflare account.
- Decide whether the rule should protect the whole hostname, a subdomain, or only a path.
- Have the exact email addresses you intend to admit. The Allow policy, rather than the fact that a person can receive email, determines who is authorized.
Create the Access application
- In the Cloudflare dashboard, open Zero Trust > Access controls > Applications.
- Create an application and choose Self-hosted.
- Add the public hostname for the webpage. Set the application scope to the whole hostname or the intended path, as appropriate.
- Add an Allow policy. For an invited list, configure the policy to admit the intended email addresses.
- Enable One-time PIN as the authentication method, then create the application.
- Open the page in a browser that is not already authenticated to the Cloudflare organization. Enter an allowed email address, select Send login code, enter the PIN, and select Sign in.
Cloudflare documents that a one-time PIN expires 10 minutes after the initial request. Requesting another code invalidates the previous one. A visitor who cannot finish the sign-in flow in time should request a fresh code.
Use an identity provider for an organization
If access should follow company accounts or group membership, connect an identity provider and use the appropriate identity or group selectors in the Allow policy. This is generally easier to administer than maintaining a long list of individual email addresses when membership changes regularly. Confirm that the intended users actually match the selected policy; Access will deny anyone who does not.
Protect just one page, folder, or subdomain
Set the application hostname and path to the narrowest scope that fits the need. For example, an application can cover example.com/members/* while the public homepage remains outside that path. Separate applications or rules can be used for paths such as /eng and /eng/exec. When rules share a root path, Cloudflare states that the more specific rule takes precedence.
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- Check whether your path pattern covers both the URL with and without a trailing slash.
- Check wildcard coverage rather than assuming a folder name automatically includes every nested URL.
- Consider assets and API endpoints the protected page relies on. If they are outside the intended scope, they may remain public; if they are included, they may need to work through the same Access flow.
- Test both the protected URL and an unrelated public URL to confirm the boundary is where you intended.
Put a private or locally hosted webpage behind Access
For an origin on a home server, office network, or other private network, use Cloudflare Tunnel with Access. Tunnel connects the private network to Cloudflare without opening inbound ports, while Access authenticates users before requests are forwarded to the application.
Prerequisites
- A Cloudflare account with a Zero Trust organization and an active domain.
- A device running Linux, Windows, or macOS that can reach the application.
- A running HTTP or HTTPS web application on the private network.
Set up the private application
- Install and configure
cloudflaredon a device that can reach the origin. - Define the private web application and map a public hostname to the tunnel.
- Create a Self-hosted Access application for that hostname.
- Attach an Allow policy for the intended people or identity provider.
- Test from outside the private network using a browser that has not already authenticated.
If the page cannot be reached, first verify that cloudflared can connect to the local HTTP or HTTPS service and that the public hostname maps to the intended tunnel. Do not expose the origin directly just to bypass a tunnel or policy problem.
Allow scripts and other automated clients
A browser-based OTP prompt is unsuitable for CI, monitoring, scripts, or coding agents that need noninteractive access. For those clients, create a service token, then add a Service Auth policy that selects that token. Send its credentials in request headers:
CF-Access-Client-Id: <CLIENT_ID>
CF-Access-Client-Secret: <CLIENT_SECRET>Keep the Client ID and Client Secret in a secret store or protected runtime configuration, not in a committed script, public webpage, or client-side JavaScript. Cloudflare displays the Client Secret only when it is generated. If it is lost, generate a new token; revoke or rotate credentials when they are no longer needed.
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Test the protection before sharing the URL
- Use a separate browser profile or a private browsing window so an existing Access session does not hide the login flow.
- Test with an allowed identity and, where practical, an address that should not be allowed. The first should get through after authentication; the second should not.
- Check the exact paths you intend to protect, including nested paths, trailing slashes, and any assets or API routes that matter.
- For a private origin, test from outside its local network and confirm the tunnel reaches the expected service.
- For automation, test the service-token request from the actual runtime where the client will run, without printing the secret to logs.
Troubleshoot common access problems
The application is not available to select or the hostname is rejected
Confirm that the hostname belongs to an active zone in the Cloudflare account. Check that you are creating a Self-hosted application in the intended Zero Trust organization, rather than configuring a different account or application type.
The login page appears, but the visitor is denied
Access applications deny by default. Confirm there is an Allow policy and that the user’s email, identity, or group matches its selectors. Also check the application’s hostname and path scope; a valid user can still be denied if the request falls under a different or more specific rule.
The one-time PIN email does not arrive
Check spam and mail-gateway filtering, and confirm the visitor entered an address permitted by the policy. Cloudflare’s OTP troubleshooting guidance lists notify.cloudflare.com and noreply@notify.cloudflare.com for mail filtering allowlists. If a code expires or a new code has been requested, use the latest PIN.
The private application times out or returns an origin error
Check that the device running cloudflared can reach the local service, that the service is running, and that the hostname points to the correct tunnel. A working Access login does not establish that the tunnel-to-origin connection is healthy.
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A script receives a login response instead of page content
The client may not be sending the service-token headers, or the application may lack a matching Service Auth policy. Check both the header names and policy selection. Do not attempt to automate an interactive OTP prompt as a substitute for machine authentication.
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Operational considerations
Review policies when access needs change
Keep the application scope and Allow policy aligned with the audience. Remove people or groups that should no longer be admitted, and revoke service tokens that are no longer in use. A path-level application is useful only if its coverage still matches the page and related endpoints you intend to protect.
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Distinguish access control from application-level accounts
Access gates requests at Cloudflare before they reach the origin. It does not replace user accounts, roles, or permissions that the application itself needs, and it does not turn an exposed origin into a private one by itself. For private services, use the tunnel arrangement described above and verify that the origin is not otherwise reachable through a separate public route.
Do not mistake login success for full-page coverage
A user may pass Access on one URL while related resources are governed by another scope or policy. Check the page’s supporting assets, API calls, redirects, and nested routes in the context of your intended boundary. This is particularly important when making only one folder private on an otherwise public site.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I make the page use one shared password instead of email codes?
The Cloudflare Access approach described here uses identity-based or token-based authorization, such as One-time PIN, an identity provider, or a service token—not a single shared-password field for every visitor.
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Yes. Scope the Access application to the members path and test the homepage and protected paths separately so the rule covers the URLs you intend.
Will Cloudflare Access protect an app running only on my home network?
Use Cloudflare Tunnel with Access. The tunnel device must be able to reach the local application, and the hostname must map to that tunnel.
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