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Use Next.js’s ImageResponse with a TSX element to render a 1200×630 PNG for social previews. In the App Router, place an explicit handler at app/api/og/route.tsx when you need a callable endpoint and request parameters. Use opengraph-image.tsx when the image is the metadata asset for a specific route. Both approaches render JSX on the server, not in a browser, so the supported CSS subset, runtime, font files and bundle size determine whether an example works unchanged.
What TSX Open Graph generation actually does
Next.js passes a React element to ImageResponse. The renderer converts that element and its inline, CSS-like styles into an image response. As the Next.js documentation puts it, “The ImageResponse constructor allows you to generate dynamic images using JSX and CSS.” TSX is therefore the authoring format; it does not make the output a client-side webpage.
Vercel recommends a 1200×630-pixel canvas for Open Graph images. The documented renderer uses Satori and Resvg, supports flexbox and a subset of CSS, and does not support CSS Grid. Fonts must be TTF, OTF or WOFF. Vercel’s guide states a 500 KB maximum bundle size including JSX, CSS, fonts, images and other assets. Treat those as implementation limits from the current documentation, not browser-equivalent behavior.
Choose an App Router route or metadata image
Explicit route handler: app/api/og/route.tsx
Choose a route handler when callers need a stable URL such as /api/og?title=..., request-derived content, or an endpoint that can be reused by several pages. You control query parsing, validation, response headers and caching in one place.
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Route-associated image: opengraph-image.tsx
Choose the metadata convention when an image belongs to one route’s metadata. Next.js supports opengraph-image.tsx and can generate the image at build time or request time. The generated asset is associated with that route instead of being an independently designed API surface.
| Question | Route handler | opengraph-image.tsx |
|---|---|---|
| URL control | Explicit endpoint and parameters | Managed as route metadata |
| Best input | Query, headers or other request data | Fixed or route-specific metadata |
| Timing | Usually request-time for dynamic input | Build-time or request-time, depending on route configuration |
| Operational focus | Validation, caching and API behavior | Metadata inheritance and crawler access |
Prerequisites and version checks
- Vercel’s current guide describes Node.js 22 or newer and Next.js 12.2.3 or newer for its implementation.
- For an App Router example, the guide says the package used by the example is already included; do not add a second package until you have checked your Next.js version.
- Pages Router and non-Next.js examples may use
@vercel/og. The import and file convention change with the router. - Confirm whether your deployment uses Node.js or Edge. Vercel documents different response-syntax support: Pages Router with Node.js does not support the
return new Response(...)syntax shown in some examples, while Pages plus Edge and App Router with Node.js or Edge do. - Keep the OG endpoint fetchable by social crawlers. Vercel recommends allowing these routes in
robots.txt; review the crawler policy of your own deployment.
Versions and runtime behavior change, so check the current Next.js and Vercel documentation when you upgrade or move hosting.
Build a dynamic TSX route handler
Create app/api/og/route.tsx with this minimal, runnable implementation:
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import { ImageResponse } from 'next/og'
export async function GET() {
return new ImageResponse(
(
<div
style={{
display: 'flex',
width: '100%',
height: '100%',
alignItems: 'center',
justifyContent: 'center',
background: 'white',
color: 'black',
fontSize: 64,
}}
>
Hello from TSX
</div>
),
{ width: 1200, height: 630 },
)
}Start the app and request /api/og. The response is an image, so save it as a PNG or let an image-capable client display it. The documented ImageResponse options also include emoji selection, custom fonts, debug mode, HTTP status, status text and headers. Width and height default to 1200 and 630, but specifying them makes the contract obvious.
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1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesAdd validated request data
Vercel’s examples read a title from the request URL and truncate it to 100 characters. The following version handles a missing value, limits length and avoids using untrusted values as markup or URLs:
import { ImageResponse } from 'next/og'
export const runtime = 'edge'
export async function GET(request: Request) {
const { searchParams } = new URL(request.url)
const rawTitle = searchParams.get('title') ?? 'Untitled page'
const title = rawTitle.replace(/[u0000-u001Fu007F]/g, '').slice(0, 100)
return new ImageResponse(
(
<div
style={{
display: 'flex',
flexDirection: 'column',
width: '100%',
height: '100%',
padding: '72px',
background: '#111827',
color: '#f9fafb',
fontFamily: 'Arial',
}}
>
<div style={{ display: 'flex', fontSize: 30, color: '#93c5fd' }}>
itechguides.com
</div>
<div style={{ display: 'flex', marginTop: 36, fontSize: 64, lineHeight: 1.1 }}>
{title}
</div>
</div>
),
{ width: 1200, height: 630 },
)
}Validate any slug, identifier or numeric option before using it. For external images, allow-list hosts, enforce a size and timeout policy, and decide what happens when the asset is unavailable. A query parameter is not a security policy merely because it came from your own page.
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Use the metadata convention
For a route such as app/blog/[slug]/, add opengraph-image.tsx in the route segment. Return an ImageResponse from its default export (or use the convention supported by your Next.js version), then let Next.js attach the generated image to that route’s metadata. This keeps social-image ownership next to the page that uses it. If the title comes from route data, load and validate that data in the metadata-image implementation, and keep the same 1200×630, CSS-subset and asset-size constraints.
Use the explicit handler instead when a design system, preview UI, webhook or other service must call one image URL with arbitrary input. Do not expose database secrets or unrestricted fetch URLs through either convention.
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Prefer supported layout primitives
- Use flexbox with explicit
display: 'flex', direction, alignment and gaps. - Set dimensions, padding, colors, font sizes and line heights directly in the style object.
- Do not rely on CSS Grid; the Vercel guide lists it as unsupported.
- Avoid browser-only layout assumptions, pseudo-elements and styles that require a live DOM.
Fonts and images
Use TTF, OTF or WOFF files and include only the weights you need. Vercel recommends TTF or OTF for faster font parsing. A typical custom-font option is an array containing the font name, binary data and weight; load the file in a way supported by your runtime, then pass it through the fonts option. Keep the complete deployment bundle under the documented 500 KB limit.
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Remote images and fonts introduce availability and trust problems. Prefer packaged assets or controlled origins, validate content, and provide a fallback when a fetch fails. International text may require a font with the necessary glyphs; test accented scripts and emoji rather than assuming the default font covers them.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Production concerns: caching, crawlers and performance
Cache deliberately
Fixed metadata images are good candidates for build-time generation. Request-driven images should have a bounded input space and a cache key that includes every visual input. Vercel says its library adds caching headers to CDN output, but actual behavior depends on the framework and deployment configuration; inspect the response from your deployment before promising cache duration or freshness.
Keep rendering predictable
- Limit text length and the number of remote assets.
- Reuse a small set of fonts and avoid unnecessary font weights.
- Return a clear error status for invalid input rather than rendering a broken image.
- Use debug mode while diagnosing layout, then remove it from normal output.
- Check social crawler access, including any
robots.txtrule, before announcing a new image URL.
Choose Node or Edge consciously
Edge can reduce distance to crawlers, while Node may fit existing libraries or asset-loading code. The correct choice is deployment-specific. Verify the syntax, package inclusion and font-loading method against your selected router and runtime instead of copying a Pages Router example into an App Router project.
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Common failures and fixes
| Symptom | Likely cause | Fix |
|---|---|---|
Module not found for next/og |
Old Next.js version or wrong router example | Confirm the Next.js version and use the import documented for that router; upgrade only after checking compatibility. |
| Blank or partially styled image | Unsupported CSS such as Grid or browser-only behavior | Replace it with flexbox and explicit inline styles. |
| Font missing or text falls back | Unsupported format, unavailable asset or oversized bundle | Use TTF, OTF or WOFF, verify loading at runtime and reduce files below the documented limit. |
| Dynamic title breaks layout | Unbounded user input or long unbroken text | Validate, truncate, normalize whitespace and design a wrapping or smaller-size fallback. |
| Social site cannot fetch the image | Robots, authentication, timeout or deployment URL issue | Allow the route for crawlers, make it publicly reachable and inspect the crawler request and response status. |
| Works locally but fails after deploy | Different runtime, missing asset or unsupported response syntax | Match local and production runtime settings and test the deployed URL directly. |
Or skip the browser setup
If you need screenshots of an already-rendered page rather than TSX-generated artwork, ScreenshotNeo provides a single-call website screenshot API. It accepts cookie and consent banners before capture and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups and chat widgets. Bot checks, CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads and cache hits are not billed, and response headers identify the page verdict and billing result. Its MCP server exposes take_screenshot, get_page_info and capture_pdf to Claude, Cursor and other MCP clients.
See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for all options. A direct request looks like this:
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webpPython:
import requests
r = requests.get("https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot", params={"access_key": "YOUR_API_KEY", "url": "https://stripe.com"}, timeout=90)
open("shot.webp", "wb").write(r.content)Node.js:
const q = new URLSearchParams({ access_key: 'YOUR_API_KEY', url: 'https://stripe.com' });
const res = await fetch(`https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot?${q}`);ScreenshotNeo includes full-page and element captures, dark mode, device and retina settings, custom CSS and JavaScript, waits, request blocking, headers, cookies, user agents, geolocation, transparent backgrounds, resizing, TTL caching, signed links, asynchronous webhooks, bulk capture of up to 100 URLs per call, usage data and an OpenAPI specification. It offers 1,000 screenshots per month free with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000. Create a free ScreenshotNeo account.
Checklist before publishing an OG image
- Choose the metadata convention or an explicit route based on whether you need route ownership or a reusable endpoint.
- Confirm your Next.js, Node.js and deployment-runtime versions.
- Render at 1200×630 unless a consuming platform requires another size.
- Use flexbox and the documented CSS subset; avoid Grid.
- Keep fonts in TTF, OTF or WOFF and the bundle within 500 KB.
- Validate and constrain every dynamic title, image URL and font input.
- Test the deployed URL, crawler access, missing assets and long or international text.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use ordinary external CSS files in an ImageResponse?
Treat the renderer as a server-side, limited CSS environment. Put required styles in the element or in a supported, bundled form, and verify each property against the current renderer documentation rather than assuming browser CSS support.
What’s actually slowing this PC down?
Pick the symptom - the matching free tool is one click away.
Should every page have a unique generated image?
Only when the visual difference helps sharing or identification. A stable build-time image is simpler and cheaper to operate; use request-time generation when the content genuinely depends on route or query data.
What file format does ImageResponse return?
The standard examples return a PNG image response. Set response headers or status options only when your framework and deployment support the behavior you need.
Quick Recap
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