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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchFor a file that already has a usable URL, put it in an anchor’s href and add the download attribute. For content JavaScript creates—or a remote file the page is permitted to fetch—make a Blob, create a temporary object URL with URL.createObjectURL(), and activate an anchor pointing to it. The browser makes the final decision about how to handle the download, so this is a request, not a guarantee that a file will be saved under a particular name or location.
Choose the right download method
Start by asking where the file’s bytes are and whether your page needs to inspect or change them. These are different cases, and using fetch() when a normal link will do adds work and can introduce cross-origin restrictions.
| Situation | Use | Important limitation |
|---|---|---|
| The file is already available at a URL | An anchor with href and download |
The attribute is supported for same-origin URLs and blob: or data: URLs; it does not force downloads from arbitrary cross-origin URLs. |
| Your code has generated the content | Create a Blob, then an object URL and download anchor |
Revoke the temporary object URL when it is no longer needed—not while it may still be in use. |
| You need to read or transform a remote file first | fetch(), check the response, read it as a Blob, then use the generated-content flow |
The remote server must allow your page to read the response. This is not a way around browser cross-origin restrictions. |
These behaviors are documented in MDN’s anchor documentation, URL.createObjectURL() and Blob documentation.
Download a file that already has a URL
Use a normal link when the browser can reach the file and your page does not need to inspect its contents. Add download to request a download, and give it a filename if you want to suggest one:
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<a href="/files/report.csv" download="quarterly-report.csv">Download report</a>The example assumes the URL is on the same origin as the page. The download value is a suggested filename, not a promise that every browser will save the file exactly that way. Browser settings, browser behavior and server response headers can affect handling. If you omit the attribute value, the browser may use a name based on the URL or response.
For a file on another origin, do not assume adding download will force a save. If you control the server, a server response configured for download is often the more direct approach. If your page must process the remote bytes, use the fetch pattern below only when that server permits the page to read the response.
Download content generated in JavaScript
A Blob represents the data you want to offer. Give it an appropriate MIME type, create an object URL for it, and click an anchor configured with the filename. This complete example downloads text when the user presses a button:
<button id="download" type="button">Download text file</button>
<script>
function downloadText(text, filename = "download.txt") {
const blob = new Blob([text], { type: "text/plain;charset=utf-8" });
const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
const link = document.createElement("a");
link.href = url;
link.download = filename;
document.body.append(link);
link.click();
link.remove();
// Defer cleanup so the browser can begin using the URL.
setTimeout(() => URL.revokeObjectURL(url), 0);
}
document.querySelector("#download").addEventListener("click", () => {
downloadText("Hello from JavaScript!n", "hello.txt");
});
</script>Here the click handler makes the download follow an explicit user action. The example appends the temporary anchor to the document, activates it and removes it. The object URL is a temporary reference to the Blob, not a permanent file address. Revoke it when it is no longer needed; in longer-lived interfaces, keep it available for as long as the user may still need the referenced resource, then release it. The zero-delay cleanup shown is a compact pattern, not a universal timing guarantee for every application.
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Use a Blob or a File
Use a Blob when you are assembling data such as generated text or encoded output. A File is a specific kind of Blob, so code that accepts a Blob can also accept a File. Set the type to describe the content accurately; a MIME type does not convert the bytes into that format.
Fetch a remote file, then download it
Fetch first when the page needs to inspect, transform or otherwise handle the response before offering it as a download. Check response.ok before turning the body into a Blob; otherwise an HTTP error response could be saved as though it were the requested file.
async function downloadRemoteFile(url, filename) {
const response = await fetch(url);
if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`Download failed: ${response.status}`);
const blob = await response.blob();
const objectUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
const link = document.createElement("a");
link.href = objectUrl;
link.download = filename;
document.body.append(link);
link.click();
link.remove();
setTimeout(() => URL.revokeObjectURL(objectUrl), 0);
}
// Call from an appropriate user action:
downloadRemoteFile("/files/report.csv", "report.csv");This example uses a same-origin URL. For a remote origin, the server must permit the browser page to read the response. If the fetch is rejected by the browser’s cross-origin policy, JavaScript in the page cannot bypass that restriction; arrange access through a server you control or use a direct server-hosted link where appropriate.
Fetching and reading as a Blob means JavaScript handles the response body before creating the download URL. For a large file or a straightforward server-hosted download, a direct link or server response may avoid buffering the full response in page code. Use the fetch-and-Blob route when the application actually needs that control.
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What determines the filename and result
- The anchor’s
downloadvalue: supplies a suggested filename for supported URLs. - The URL type and origin: the attribute applies to same-origin,
blob:anddata:URLs, not as a general cross-origin download switch. - Server behavior: response headers can influence whether content is displayed or downloaded and the filename used.
- Browser and user settings: affect the final handling and save location. Page JavaScript cannot guarantee a particular filesystem path.
For generated data, the application controls the Blob contents and can choose a name to suggest. For fetched content, it can likewise suggest a name after successfully reading the response, but it cannot use this mechanism to obtain bytes the browser will not let the page read.
Common problems and fixes
The click opens a page instead of downloading
Check that the URL is in a category supported by download, and verify whether a server response or browser setting is influencing handling. The attribute requests a download; it is not a universal override for remote URLs or server behavior. When you control the server, configure the response for the intended behavior or offer a direct link.
A remote fetch fails even though the URL works in a tab
Being able to navigate to a URL does not mean a page from a different origin can read its response with fetch(). The remote server must permit that access. Use a URL on the page’s origin, configure a server you control to provide permitted access, or use a direct link if the page does not need to process the bytes.
The downloaded file contains an error page
Check response.ok before calling response.blob(). A response can complete with an HTTP error status; the sample throws instead of silently offering those bytes as the requested file. Handle that error in the calling UI so the user gets a useful message.
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The file has the wrong name or type
Pass the desired suggested filename through the anchor’s download property, and give a generated Blob a MIME type that matches its actual contents. For remote files, server-provided metadata and browser behavior can also affect the result.
A generated download stops working after cleanup changes
Do not revoke an object URL before the browser has had a chance to use it. Keep it alive while the referenced resource is still needed, then call URL.revokeObjectURL() to release it. If an interface allows repeated downloads or retains links for later use, manage each URL’s lifetime rather than revoking it immediately on creation.
Or skip the browser setup
If your actual goal is a screenshot or PDF of a webpage—not downloading an arbitrary file—ScreenshotNeo is a website screenshot API. This one-call cURL example saves a screenshot response as a WebP file; see the API documentation for parameters and setup:
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Browser extensions are a different case
A browser extension can use the WebExtensions downloads API, which is a privileged extension API with extension-specific permissions and behavior. It is not the same as ordinary JavaScript running in a webpage. If your code runs in a page, use the anchor and Blob patterns above rather than treating extension APIs as available to every site.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a JavaScript download save directly to a particular folder?
The page can suggest a filename, but the browser and user settings determine where the file is handled or saved. A webpage cannot promise a filesystem path.
Can I use the same Blob download function with a File?
Yes. A File is a specific kind of Blob, so APIs that accept Blob data can also accept File objects.
Does the ScreenshotNeo example download any file from a URL?
No. It requests a webpage screenshot; it is not a general-purpose file downloader.
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