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Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Set a finite navigation timeout with page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout_ms), then choose a completion condition that matches the page. For one exceptional navigation, pass timeout directly to goto(). Keep selector, function, request, and response waits on their own explicit timeouts: a navigation default does not configure every kind of wait.
Pyppeteer’s documented defaults for these operations are 30,000 milliseconds (30 seconds). Passing 0 disables the relevant timeout, but that should be an intentional decision rather than a reliability strategy.
Set a page-wide navigation timeout
Use this pattern when most navigations in a page should share one upper bound:
import asyncio
from pyppeteer import launch
async def main():
browser = await launch()
page = await browser.newPage()
# Milliseconds: 60 seconds for goto, reload, back, forward,
# and waitForNavigation.
page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(60_000)
await page.goto(
"https://example.com",
{"waitUntil": "domcontentloaded"}
)
print(await page.title())
await browser.close()
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())setDefaultNavigationTimeout() changes the default maximum for goto(), goBack(), goForward(), reload(), and waitForNavigation(). The argument is an integer number of milliseconds, not seconds. A value such as 60_000 is simply Python’s readable spelling for 60,000.
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There is no source-established duration that is reliable for every site, network, machine, or workload. Choose a finite bound based on what your job can wait, how variable the target pages are, and what recovery you want after a failure.
Override one navigation without changing the default
Pass a timeout in the options for an individual goto() when one page has different requirements:
await page.goto(
"https://example.com/report",
{
"timeout": 120_000,
"waitUntil": "domcontentloaded"
}
)This per-call value applies to that navigation. It is useful for a slow report page, while ordinary navigations continue to use the page-wide setting.
Conversely, a short per-call limit can protect a latency-sensitive operation even when the normal page default is longer:
await page.goto(
"https://example.com/health",
{"timeout": 10_000, "waitUntil": "load"}
)If you need to disable the navigation limit for a call, use "timeout": 0. Do this only when an unbounded wait is acceptable and you have another way to stop the job; otherwise a stalled browser task can consume workers indefinitely.
Understand what “navigation complete” means
A timeout is measured against a completion condition. goto() supports these waitUntil choices:
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| Condition | Meaning and practical use |
|---|---|
load |
Wait for the page’s load event. Use when load-event completion is the contract your task needs. |
domcontentloaded |
Wait until the initial document has been parsed. This can be appropriate when you only need the initial DOM and do not need every resource to finish. |
networkidle0 |
Wait until there are no more than zero active network connections for at least 500 ms. |
networkidle2 |
Wait until there are no more than two active network connections for at least 500 ms. |
Network-idle conditions are not automatically “more reliable.” Analytics, polling, advertisements, WebSockets, and other background activity can keep requests open, so a page may never reach the selected idle state before the timeout. If the task only needs the initial document, domcontentloaded avoids waiting for unrelated background traffic.
For a single-page application, navigation completion may occur before the data or component you need exists. In that case, navigate to a suitable event and then wait for the actual application state:
await page.goto(
"https://example.com/app",
{"timeout": 45_000, "waitUntil": "domcontentloaded"}
)
await page.waitForSelector(
"[data-testid='results']",
{"timeout": 20_000}
)This separates “the document arrived” from “the result widget appeared,” making failures easier to diagnose.
Configure the other waits separately
Navigation defaults are not universal wait defaults. The documented APIs for waitForSelector(), waitForFunction(), waitForRequest(), and waitForResponse() each accept their own timeout option. Their documented default is also 30 seconds, and 0 disables that individual wait’s limit.
Selector waits
await page.waitForSelector(
"#checkout-complete",
{"timeout": 15_000, "visible": True}
)Use a selector timeout that reflects how long the UI is allowed to take, rather than extending navigation merely because a component renders late.
Function waits
await page.waitForFunction(
"() => window.appReady === true",
{"timeout": 15_000}
)A predicate wait is appropriate when readiness is represented by state rather than a stable element.
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Request and response waits
response = await page.waitForResponse(
lambda response: "/api/results" in response.url,
{"timeout": 20_000}
)
Give network waits their own bound. A page can finish navigation while the API request you care about is still pending.
Choose a timeout deliberately
- Define the operation. Decide whether you are bounding navigation, a DOM selector, a JavaScript predicate, or a request/response.
- Define the success condition. Select
domcontentloaded,load, a network-idle condition, or a concrete selector/predicate. - Set a finite default. Use
setDefaultNavigationTimeout()for normal page behavior. - Override exceptions. Pass a per-operation
timeoutwhere a particular page genuinely differs. - Record the context. Log the URL, operation, timeout, and wait condition when an exception occurs.
- Retry only with a policy. A retry can help a transient network failure, but it should have a maximum count and should not turn every deterministic timeout into a long delay.
Complete example with bounded stages
import asyncio
from pyppeteer import launch
async def capture_ready_page(url):
browser = await launch()
page = await browser.newPage()
page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(30_000)
try:
await page.goto(url, {
"timeout": 30_000,
"waitUntil": "domcontentloaded"
})
await page.waitForSelector(
"main",
{"timeout": 10_000}
)
await page.waitForFunction(
"() => document.readyState === 'complete'",
{"timeout": 10_000}
)
return await page.content()
finally:
await browser.close()
async def main():
html = await capture_ready_page("https://example.com")
print(len(html))
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())The example keeps each stage bounded and closes the browser in finally, including when a timeout raises an exception. Adjust the selectors and readiness predicate to the application; they are not universal signals.
Diagnose a timeout before increasing it
The page is still making requests
Symptom: networkidle0 or networkidle2 expires while the page appears visible. Cause: background polling, analytics, streaming, or another persistent connection. Fix: use domcontentloaded or load for navigation, then wait for the specific selector or predicate your task requires.
The document loaded but the selector timed out
Symptom: goto() succeeds, but waitForSelector() fails. Cause: the selector is wrong, the element is inside a frame, the application reported an error, or rendering takes longer than the selector bound. Fix: verify the selector and frame context, inspect the page state, and change only the selector timeout if the condition is correct but legitimately slower.
A timeout occurs at exactly the configured duration
Symptom: failures consistently occur at 10,000, 30,000, or another exact value. Cause: the operation reached its configured bound. Fix: log which operation supplied that value; navigation, selector, function, request, and response waits are configured independently.
Setting the default did not affect a wait
Symptom: setDefaultNavigationTimeout() was called, but a selector or response still fails at its own default. Cause: the method changes navigation methods, not every wait API. Fix: provide timeout in the relevant wait call.
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The browser remains running after failure
Symptom: workers or Chromium processes accumulate. Cause: cleanup was skipped when an exception was raised. Fix: close the browser in a finally block and ensure your job runner also has an outer deadline.
Finite limits, retries, and performance
Longer timeouts do not make a page faster; they only allow a slow or stalled operation to occupy a worker longer. A short timeout can reject genuinely slow pages. Treat the value as an application budget: include expected network variance, rendering work, and any subsequent selector or request waits.
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Keep navigation and post-navigation budgets visible separately. For example, a 30-second navigation limit followed by a 10-second selector limit has a different operational meaning from one 40-second navigation limit. This distinction helps capacity planning and tells you which stage needs attention.
When retrying, retry the smallest failed operation where possible. Repeating an entire navigation after a selector-only failure adds load and latency. Always cap retries and preserve the original timeout details in logs.
Version and environment checks
The API reference used for these semantics is explicitly for Pyppeteer 0.0.25, while the implementation reference is from the project’s dev branch. Your installed Pyppeteer release, Chromium revision, operating system, proxy, and target site can differ. Confirm subtle behavior against the version installed in your environment, especially when upgrading or relying on network-idle handling.
Do not assume behavior documented for current upstream Puppeteer automatically applies to Pyppeteer; they are related but versioned projects. Pin and record the versions used by your automation, and include the browser launch configuration when reproducing a timeout.
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Python:
import requests
r = requests.get("https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot", params={"access_key": "YOUR_API_KEY", "url": "https://stripe.com"}, timeout=90)
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Frequently Asked Questions
What unit does a Pyppeteer timeout use?
Milliseconds. For example, 30,000 means 30 seconds.
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No. Give selector, function, request, and response waits their own timeout options.
When should I use timeout 0?
Only when intentionally disabling the bound and another watchdog can stop a stuck operation.
Why can networkidle0 time out on a usable page?
The page may keep background connections open, preventing the required idle period.
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