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getRecentPrioritizationFees returns recent fee samples, not a guaranteed bid that will land your transaction. Without account addresses, the sample can reflect a block’s lowest fee—often zero. Querying with the transaction’s writable accounts makes the result more relevant, but it remains historical data. Use it as a baseline alongside compute estimation and your application’s own landing and latency results.
Why can getRecentPrioritizationFees return zero?
The RPC reports recent prioritization-fee samples associated with slots. Its account parameter is optional: when you omit it, the query is not tailored to the writable accounts your transaction will lock. Solana’s exchange guidance explains that an unscoped query can return the lowest fee for a block, often zero unless the block is full. Solana’s RPC method documentation describes the samples and query parameter; its fee guidance for exchanges explains the minimum-fee behavior.
A zero therefore means the sampled minimum in that query’s scope and recent history was zero. It does not mean the network guarantees free priority or that your transaction will land immediately. The sample may also be stale relative to current competition.
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What changes when you supply writable accounts?
Pass the public keys of the accounts your transaction will write-lock. This scopes the sample to transactions locking those accounts as writable, which is more pertinent when they are contested. For a query containing several accounts, Solana’s exchange guidance describes the returned fee as the maximum of the individual minimum fees for the supplied accounts. Use the transaction’s actual writable set rather than unrelated accounts.
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The method documentation states that the node cache can hold up to 150 blocks of samples and that the optional query accepts up to 128 account addresses. The 150-block limit is a number of blocks, not a fixed interval in seconds. Each response entry pairs a slot with a prioritizationFee integer; the array is a set of historical samples, not one guaranteed market-clearing quote. See the method reference for the current interface.
How do you use the RPC to estimate a transaction’s fee?
- Identify the writable accounts. Determine which accounts the transaction will lock for writing, then query
getRecentPrioritizationFeeswith those public keys. The documented maximum is 128 addresses. - Interpret the samples as history. Inspect the returned slots and fee values in context. Do not treat one value—or a zero—as a promise about the next transaction’s inclusion.
- Estimate compute use. Simulate the transaction or otherwise estimate its compute requirements. Solana’s production-readiness guidance identifies simulation as a way to estimate compute use.
- Set a suitable compute-unit limit and price. Add compute-budget instructions for both. Solana’s exchange guide recommends requesting the lowest compute-unit amount needed for execution; an unnecessarily high limit increases the priority fee for a given price.
- Measure outcomes and adjust. Track landing or confirmation results and latency for your application, then tune its fee approach to its reliability needs. Solana describes fees as dynamic and does not prescribe a universal bid, percentile, or fixed buffer.
How is the priority fee calculated?
For legacy and v0 messages, the priority fee in lamports is the ceiling of the compute-unit price in micro-lamports multiplied by the requested compute-unit limit, divided by 1,000,000:
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priority fee (lamports) = ceil(CU price (micro-lamports) × requested CU limit ÷ 1,000,000)
The calculation uses the requested limit, not the compute units the transaction actually consumes. Consequently, an oversized limit raises the fee at a given CU price. Solana’s current fee documentation also lists a base fee of 5,000 lamports per signature and a maximum of 1,400,000 compute units per transaction; the base fee is separate from the priority fee. Consult the fee documentation for the current details.
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What can—and can’t—a fee sample tell you?
A recent sample can help establish a baseline for the queried accounts, but it cannot guarantee inclusion. Fees respond to network activity and competing bids, and the RPC exposes recent samples rather than a universally correct price. Solana’s exchange guidance recommends monitoring success and adjusting the strategy; it does not specify an optimal bid or fixed adjustment rule. The exchange implementation guidance discusses these limits.
When evaluating any estimator beyond this RPC, check whether it uses the transaction’s writable accounts, which time window and sample statistic it uses, whether it returns a CU price or total priority fee, how it handles the CU limit, and how its recommendations perform against your application’s own inclusion and latency outcomes. A third-party estimate should be assessed on its own methodology; the RPC’s behavior does not establish how another service calculates a quote.
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