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A Web3 crypto address is a public identifier that tells a blockchain where to send funds or direct another interaction. It is not the wallet app and it is not the secret that authorizes spending. The address format and network matter: an address intended for one blockchain or asset may not work for another.
What a Web3 crypto address identifies
An address identifies an account or destination on a blockchain. In Ethereum, that destination may be an externally owned account (EOA) or a contract account. An EOA is controlled through cryptographic keys; a contract account follows the logic programmed into its smart contract. See Ethereum’s account documentation for the distinction.
On Ethereum, an EOA address is derived from the last 20 bytes of the Keccak-256 hash of its public key. It is displayed with a 0x prefix followed by 40 hexadecimal characters, for 42 characters total. Contract addresses use the same displayed length, but their control mechanism differs.
Address, wallet, and private key are different things
- Address: A public identifier that can be shared so someone can direct a transaction to it.
- Wallet: Software or another interface used to interact with accounts and their assets.
- Private key: A secret credential used to authorize activity for an EOA. It is not the receiving address and should not be shared.
A wallet app may show or manage an address, but the address itself is not the wallet. Ethereum’s guide to using wallets explains how an address is used to receive funds.
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Why the blockchain network matters
There is no single address format that works everywhere in Web3. Ethereum addresses are commonly represented in hexadecimal, while Bitcoin supports formats such as Base58Check legacy addresses and Bech32 SegWit addresses. Other chains have their own encodings and transaction rules. A string that looks like an address is not, by itself, evidence that it is compatible with the selected network or asset.
Before sending, check that the sending application’s selected network and asset match the destination’s intended network and asset. The address format and network rules must be accepted by the receiving service too. Ethereum’s wallet guide notes that different blockchains, including Bitcoin, have distinct rules and address formats; ERC-2304 discusses examples of address encodings and checksums.
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Can you share a crypto address?
Yes. A public receiving address can be shared with someone who wants to send funds. Sharing it does not give that person authority to spend from an EOA; that authority depends on the account’s keys. However, a public address is not a promise of anonymity: blockchain activity associated with an address may be observable, and reusing an address can make activity easier to associate.
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- In the receiving wallet or service, select the asset and network you intend to use, then copy or scan the receiving address it provides.
- In the sending application, select the matching asset and network. Confirm that the recipient’s destination is intended for that same network.
- Check the destination before confirming the transaction. A checksum may help detect some transcription errors, but it does not prove that the address belongs to the person or service you intended.
Do not assume a transaction can be recovered if funds are sent to an incompatible or unintended destination. A correctly formatted address can still be the wrong destination.
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Readable names and chain-aware formats
Instead of entering a long address, an Ethereum user may use an Ethereum Name Service (ENS) name, such as john.eth. ENS is a naming and resolution mechanism: a name can resolve to an address, but it is not a private key or a guarantee of a recipient’s identity. Ethereum describes ENS as an “internet phonebook” in its glossary.
Standards proposals address a related problem: a raw address may not make its intended chain clear. ERC-7930 describes interoperable, chain-specific address concepts. ERC-7828 proposes a human-readable form that can combine an address or ENS name with a chain identifier and an optional checksum. These proposals do not establish that every wallet or service supports those formats.
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ENS resolution can also change over time depending on resolver behavior. ERC-7828 notes that a checksum associated with a previous resolution may no longer validate if the name resolves differently. Even when a chain identifier or checksum is available, verify the resolved destination and selected network in the service you are using.
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