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Cloudflare R2 stores files as objects inside buckets. You can manage them in the Dashboard, access them from Cloudflare Workers, or connect an S3-compatible tool or SDK using your account-specific R2 endpoint. For an existing S3 workflow, the essentials are an R2 API token, the endpoint, and the region value auto; check R2’s compatibility details before relying on an AWS S3 feature.
What Cloudflare R2 object storage does
R2 is Cloudflare’s hosted object-storage service for unstructured data. An object is stored in a bucket and identified by a key, such as images/photo.png. Keys are flat: slash-separated prefixes can look like folders in the Dashboard, but they are not actual directories.
Cloudflare describes R2 as strongly consistent. In its documented write flow, a request is authenticated and routed, object data is encrypted and written within the bucket’s configured location, and metadata is committed before a successful HTTP 200 response makes the object visible. Cloudflare calls R2 “an S3-compatible object storage service with no egress fees, built on Cloudflare’s global network” (Cloudflare R2 documentation).
Choose how to access your bucket
| Access method | Best suited to |
|---|---|
| Dashboard | Quick browser-based bucket and object management. |
| Workers API | Application code running on Cloudflare Workers that needs to read or write objects. |
| S3-compatible API | Existing applications, SDKs, and tools that use S3-style object operations. |
| Wrangler | Cloudflare-managed command-line tasks. |
| rclone | Bulk object operations and transfers. |
| AWS CLI | Familiar command-line workflows built around AWS tooling. |
For S3-compatible clients, the endpoint is https://<ACCOUNT_ID>.r2.cloudflarestorage.com, where <ACCOUNT_ID> is your Cloudflare account ID. Set the region to auto; this is a required configuration value in common SDK examples, not a geographic R2 region. R2’s S3 implementation is not identical to AWS S3, so check Cloudflare’s S3 API compatibility documentation for the specific operations and features your application needs.
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Set up an S3-compatible client
- Create a Cloudflare account with an R2 subscription, then create a bucket in the Dashboard or with Wrangler.
- Create an R2 API token with only the permissions and bucket scope the application needs. Save the Access Key ID and Secret Access Key securely; Cloudflare says the secret cannot be viewed again.
- In your S3 SDK or tool, configure the endpoint
https://<ACCOUNT_ID>.r2.cloudflarestorage.com, the token credentials, and regionauto. - Use familiar object operations such as
PutObjectto upload,GetObjectto download, andListObjectsV2to list objects. Confirm that any additional S3 features you depend on are supported by R2.
Cloudflare documents examples using Python’s boto3 and the JavaScript AWS SDK. For large or bulk uploads, multipart upload divides a file into parts that can be uploaded in parallel and retried individually; Cloudflare also recommends S3-compatible tools such as rclone for this kind of work (R2 upload documentation).
Keep objects private or deliver them publicly
R2 buckets are private by default. For private application data, access objects through authenticated application code or create temporary presigned URLs when a client needs direct access. A presigned URL grants time-limited access without giving the client the account’s credentials.
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For public content, Cloudflare offers a managed r2.dev subdomain for simple testing. Cloudflare says it is not intended for production and may be throttled. For production delivery, use a custom domain; it supports caching configuration and other Cloudflare delivery features. See Cloudflare’s public bucket guidance and R2 limits.
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Cloudflare’s pricing page, last updated October 1, 2026, lists these rates. They are published prices, not a cost estimate for a particular workload (Cloudflare R2 pricing).
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| Charge | Standard | Infrequent Access |
|---|---|---|
| Storage | $0.015 per GB-month | $0.01 per GB-month |
| Class A operations | $4.50 per million requests | $9.00 per million requests |
| Class B operations | $0.36 per million requests | $0.90 per million requests |
| Retrieval processing | Not listed as a charge | $0.01 per GB |
| Internet egress | Free | Free |
| Monthly free tier | 10 GB-month storage, 1 million Class A requests, and 10 million Class B requests | Standard free tier does not apply |
Infrequent Access has a 30-day minimum storage duration. Cloudflare rounds usage up to billing units, and total cost depends on stored volume, write and mutation activity (Class A), reads (Class B), access frequency, and—on Infrequent Access—retrieval and minimum-duration charges. Free Internet egress does not mean all use is free. Use Cloudflare’s current pricing page and calculator to estimate a specific workload.
Check object and API limits before migrating
Cloudflare’s limits documentation lists unlimited data storage and object count per bucket, a 5 TiB maximum object size, a 5 GiB single-part upload limit, and a 4.995 TiB multipart upload limit. Multipart uploads support up to 10,000 parts. Cloudflare describes single-part uploads as suitable for smaller files and multipart uploads as resumable and parallelizable for large files (R2 upload documentation; R2 limits).
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The Cloudflare REST API is limited to 1,200 requests per five minutes per account and is intended more for management and configuration than high-throughput object operations. For high-throughput object access, Cloudflare directs users to the S3-compatible API or Workers API.
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Cloudflare identifies web assets, AI training data, user-generated content, large media, data lakes, backups, and static-site hosting as example uses. R2 may be a good fit when storing unstructured data that is accessed often and served over the Internet, particularly when avoiding egress charges matters. That does not establish that it is always cheaper or technically preferable to another service.
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When comparing storage options, evaluate the whole workload rather than storage price alone:
Quick Recap
- Estimate storage volume and Class A write or mutation requests alongside Class B reads.
- Account for egress policy, read frequency, and any retrieval charges or minimum storage duration.
- Verify that the API supports the specific operations and features your application uses.
- Check object-size and upload limits, including whether multipart transfers fit your workflow.
- Review bucket access controls and how public delivery, custom domains, and caching will work.
Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.
