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In Inkscape, select at least two compatible objects or paths, open Path, and choose an operation such as Union, Difference, or Intersection. The right choice depends on whether you want to merge outlines, subtract one shape from another, keep only an overlap, or split paths. For Difference and Division, check which object is on top before applying the command.
Choose a path operation by the result you want
Inkscape’s path operations work on at least two objects or paths that can be converted for the operation. They are in the Path menu. Select the items first, then choose the command that matches the geometry you need.
| Goal | Operation | What it does |
|---|---|---|
| Join overlapping or adjacent forms into one outline | Union | Keeps the common outer outline of the selected paths. |
| Subtract one shape from another or punch a hole | Difference | Subtracts the upper path from the lower, base path. Stacking order matters. |
| Keep only the area shared by the selected shapes | Intersection | Keeps the parts covered by all selected paths. |
| Remove the overlap between two shapes | Exclusion | Keeps regions covered by an odd number of paths; with two paths, the non-overlapping regions remain. |
| Cut a lower path into pieces using an upper path | Division | Uses the upper path to cut the lower path into pieces. Stacking order matters. |
| Split paths where they intersect | Cut Path | Creates as many paths as there are intersections between the two paths. |
| Keep separate parts together as one object | Combine | Combines independent subpaths into a single object. |
| Turn independent subpaths into separate objects | Break Apart | Creates separate objects from a path’s independent subpaths. |
For example, use Union to turn overlapping pieces into one silhouette. Use Difference when a top shape should carve away part of a base shape. If you need only the shared lens-shaped area where two forms overlap, use Intersection instead.
The Tool Desk
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- Select at least two objects or paths that Inkscape can convert for the chosen operation.
- For an order-sensitive operation, check the stacking order. In Difference, the upper object is subtracted from the lower base object; for Division, the upper path cuts the lower one.
- Open Path and click the operation you want. The resulting geometry should appear on the canvas.
- If the result does not appear, read Inkscape’s status-bar error message; it gives the reason the operation failed.
When a result is unexpected, first confirm that the intended objects were selected and that the base and cutting objects are in the correct stacking order. The exact interface behavior can vary by Inkscape version.
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Convert a geometric shape when you need node editing
Rectangles, ellipses, stars, and spirals made with shape tools are shape objects, not paths. To edit their geometry as path nodes, select the shape and choose Path > Object to Path. You can then use the Node tool to adjust nodes, handles, and segments.
In the documented workflow, converting a shape to a path is one-way: a path cannot be converted back into a shape object with its original shape-specific controls. Duplicate the shape before conversion if you may want to adjust those controls later.
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When to edit nodes or use a Live Path Effect
Use the Node tool for local geometry changes
If you only need to refine a curve or move particular points, the Node tool lets you edit the path’s nodes, handles, and segments directly. This avoids applying a broader operation when a local adjustment is enough.
Recommended Free Tools
Use a Live Path Effect when adjustability matters
A Live Path Effect is a non-destructive, adjustable alternative for some path transformations. You can change its settings in the Path Effects dialog while retaining the original path, rather than committing immediately to a fixed result.
Quick Recap
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