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Cloud computing lets you use computing resources over the internet when you need them, rather than buying and operating all the underlying hardware yourself. AWS is one provider of those resources. Understanding the model means looking beyond service names: consider how much you manage, how usage is billed, who secures each layer, and what your workload needs.

What is cloud computing?

Amazon Web Services (AWS) defines cloud computing as “the on-demand delivery of compute power, database, storage, applications, and other IT resources through a cloud services platform via the internet with pay-as-you-go pricing.” In practice, a provider operates connected infrastructure and makes computing resources available to customers as needed.

This model can reduce the need to purchase hardware in advance and can make it easier to adjust capacity as requirements change. It does not guarantee lower costs: spending depends on the resources selected, how long and how heavily they are used, and the pricing rules for each service. AWS describes its platform as offering over 200 services in a page published in 2026; that is AWS’s own service count, not a measure of which services a particular workload needs. AWS overview

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What is the difference between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS?

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS) are best understood as a spectrum of control and provider management. AWS describes these as traditional groupings; its services can span categories, so they are a mental model rather than a strict classification of every product.

Model What the provider supplies What the customer generally manages
IaaS Core building blocks such as computing, storage, and networking. More of the software stack, configuration, and day-to-day operation.
PaaS A managed platform that takes on more of the underlying infrastructure. The application and its deployment and operation on that platform.
SaaS A complete application operated by the provider. Primarily using the software and managing relevant account, data, and access settings.

Moving toward SaaS generally means less infrastructure for the customer to operate, while IaaS usually offers more flexibility and more operational responsibility. That does not make one model universally better: the right balance depends on the workload, the control it requires, and the team’s ability to manage it.

How does AWS pricing work?

AWS says pay-as-you-go pricing applies to the vast majority of its cloud services. Its pricing information also describes flat-rate plans and commitment-based options, including Savings Plans for eligible services. The exact available model and charges depend on the service. AWS cloud pricing

Estimate the workload you actually expect to run and check the current pricing details for each service and region before committing to a design. A meaningful estimate accounts for choices such as:

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  • Resource type and size: the capabilities selected and the capacity provisioned.
  • Utilization and duration: how much a resource is used and how long it remains active.
  • Region and data movement: where resources run and whether moving data creates charges.
  • Demand pattern: whether use is steady, intermittent, or variable—and whether the design can adjust accordingly.
  • Pricing commitment: whether consumption-based rates, a flat-rate plan, or an eligible commitment option best matches expected use.

Flexible capacity is not automatically self-scaling. Scaling behavior depends on service capabilities and on how the workload is designed and configured. AWS’s general design guidance advises avoiding capacity guesses, using what is needed, scaling with demand, and testing at production scale when appropriate. Treat those as engineering principles, not a promise that every system will scale or cost less without deliberate configuration. AWS Well-Architected cost optimization guidance

Who is responsible for security in the cloud?

AWS describes the division of duties as “Security of the Cloud” and “Security in the Cloud.” AWS is responsible for the underlying infrastructure that runs its services. The customer’s responsibilities vary with the service, integrations, data sensitivity, and applicable requirements. AWS shared responsibility model

For example, with Amazon EC2, customers manage the guest operating system, their applications and utilities, and security-group configuration. With more abstracted services such as Amazon S3 and Amazon DynamoDB, AWS operates more of the infrastructure and platform, but customers still have responsibilities including protecting data, classifying it appropriately, and setting permissions. The service-specific boundary matters: do not assume the provider manages every security decision simply because a service is managed.

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How should you think about AWS design trade-offs?

There is no single AWS architecture that fits every workload. Start with the workload’s goals and constraints, then evaluate the decisions together rather than optimizing one dimension in isolation.

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  • Control versus managed operations: decide how much of the stack your team needs to configure and operate, and how much it can reasonably delegate.
  • Flexibility and scaling versus complexity: weigh variable demand and customization against the extra design, configuration, and operational work they may require.
  • Consumption flexibility versus commitments: compare expected usage patterns with service-specific pricing options; do not choose a commitment without understanding the workload it must fit.
  • Security responsibilities: map duties to the specific services in the design, including data handling and access controls.
  • Workload priorities: consider reliability, security, performance, cost, operational excellence, and sustainability together.

AWS’s Well-Architected Framework organizes design guidance around six pillars: operational excellence, security, reliability, performance efficiency, cost optimization, and sustainability. These are useful lenses for reviewing a workload, not interchangeable objectives. The workload’s requirements determine where trade-offs are acceptable; security and operational excellence should not be treated as casual sacrifices. AWS Well-Architected Framework

Before selecting services, be ready to answer practical questions: What demand must the system handle, and how variable is it? What data does it store, and who should access it? What reliability and performance does the workload require? Which operating tasks can the team own? How will actual usage be monitored against the budget? Those answers are the foundation for comparing designs; without them, a service list is not an architecture.

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