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GST registration generally becomes mandatory when a taxable supplier’s aggregate turnover exceeds ₹20 lakh in a financial year. That is not a universal limit: the applicable amount can differ by state or Union Territory, by whether the business deals exclusively in goods, and by government notifications. The calculation is made across India for all businesses using the same PAN, not separately for each shop or state.
Turnover is only one route to registration. Section 24 of the Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST) Act lists categories that may require registration below the ordinary threshold, including certain inter-State suppliers, casual taxable persons, reverse-charge taxpayers and specified e-commerce participants. Section 23 excludes businesses that exclusively make non-taxable or wholly exempt supplies, and agriculturists supplying produce from cultivation of land. The exact answer therefore depends on your state, PAN-linked turnover, supply type and sales channel.
The baseline threshold—and why it is not one-size-fits-all
Section 22 of the CGST Act sets a general registration trigger of ₹20 lakh of aggregate turnover in a financial year for a person making taxable supplies. The statutory wording is “exceeds,” so do not describe the trigger as applying merely because turnover equals ₹20 lakh.
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- Specified special-category states have a lower default threshold of ₹10 lakh in the Act, subject to statutory authorization and later notification.
- Eligible suppliers engaged exclusively in goods may receive a higher threshold through government notification. CBIC’s 2019 “GST: Registration and Threshold” update reported ₹40 lakh in many jurisdictions and ₹20 lakh in listed exceptions, effective 1 April 2019. That update is a dated summary, not a current consolidated state-by-state register.
Before relying on a ₹40 lakh goods threshold—or any state-specific figure—check the notification that applies to your state or Union Territory and confirm that you meet its goods-only and other conditions. A business selling services or mixed goods and services should not assume that the higher goods limit applies.
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| Situation | Figure or rule | Qualification |
|---|---|---|
| General taxable supplier | ₹20 lakh | Registration is generally required when aggregate turnover exceeds this amount in a financial year (CGST Act, section 22). |
| Default special-category-state provision | ₹10 lakh | Subject to statutory authorization and notified changes; verify the applicable state notification. |
| Eligible goods-only supplier in jurisdictions covered by the 2019 CBIC update | ₹40 lakh | CBIC reported this from 1 April 2019 for many jurisdictions; current notification and conditions must be checked. |
| Listed exceptions in that 2019 update | ₹20 lakh | The update identified jurisdictions retaining ₹20 lakh; it is not a substitute for the latest notification. |
How to calculate aggregate turnover
Aggregate turnover is not the sales shown by one outlet or only the taxable invoices issued by one state registration. The statutory definition looks at supplies made by all persons having the same PAN, calculated on an all-India basis.
For the threshold, add the following across that PAN:
- Taxable supplies, whether intra-State or inter-State.
- Exempt supplies.
- Exports.
- Other inter-State supplies covered by the definition.
Do not add inward supplies on which the recipient pays tax under reverse charge. Central tax, State or Union Territory tax, integrated tax and compensation cess are also excluded from aggregate turnover. A branch cannot reduce the total by treating its sales independently, and a business cannot compare only domestic taxable sales with ₹20 lakh while leaving out exports or exempt revenue.
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Example: one PAN, several locations
A proprietor has a shop in Delhi with ₹14 lakh of taxable sales and a warehouse in Haryana with ₹7 lakh of exempt sales. The combined ₹21 lakh under the same PAN exceeds the general ₹20 lakh threshold, even though neither location individually reached ₹20 lakh.
Example: mixed taxable and exempt activity
A business reports ₹18 lakh of taxable sales and ₹4 lakh of exempt sales during the financial year. The ₹22 lakh aggregate is relevant to the threshold. The exempt portion does not disappear from the calculation merely because GST is not charged on those invoices.
Cases that can require registration below the threshold
Section 24 creates compulsory-registration categories notwithstanding the ordinary section 22 threshold. The list includes:
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- Persons making inter-State taxable supplies, subject to exemptions or relief created by notification.
- Casual taxable persons making taxable supplies.
- Persons required to pay tax under the reverse-charge mechanism.
- Persons required to pay tax under section 9(5), where the law places tax responsibility on an electronic commerce operator for specified services.
- Specified non-resident taxable persons.
- Input service distributors.
- Specified persons who deduct or collect tax under GST provisions.
- Specified suppliers using an electronic commerce operator that is required to collect tax at source (TCS) under section 52.
This list is a screening test, not a command to register in every superficially similar situation. Notifications can exempt particular suppliers or supplies. CBIC’s 2019 update, for example, described relief for certain service suppliers with turnover up to ₹20 lakh who make inter-State supplies or supply through e-commerce platforms. It also stated that only e-commerce operators required to collect TCS must compulsorily register. That relief is category-specific and dated; do not extend it automatically to goods sellers, every platform, or every online transaction.
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Inter-State sales
An inter-State taxable sale can place a supplier in a section 24 category even when turnover is below ₹20 lakh, but the result depends on the applicable exemption notification and the nature of the supply. Check the current rule for your product or service, the destination state and whether you are supplying as a casual taxable person. An old FAQ with broad wording should not override the current Act and notifications.
Online marketplaces
“Selling online” is not a complete legal test. Identify whether the platform is an operator covered by the TCS provisions, whether the platform pays tax under a notified section 9(5) arrangement, and whether your supplies are goods or services. The small-service-provider relief described by CBIC does not establish a blanket exemption for online goods sellers.
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Reverse charge and other special statuses
If you are liable to pay GST under reverse charge, registration may be compulsory even when your outward turnover is modest. The same caution applies to non-resident, casual, input-service-distributor, deductor and collector categories: their registration rules are driven by status or transaction type, not only by turnover.
When the law does not require registration
Section 23 excludes a person who makes only supplies that are non-taxable or wholly exempt. The exclusion is lost if the business also makes taxable supplies; a mixed business cannot apply the “exclusive supplies” rule to just one product line.
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An agriculturist is not liable to register for supplying produce out of cultivation of land. This is a specific statutory exclusion, not a general exemption for every agricultural activity. Processing, trading in purchased goods or other taxable commercial activity may require a separate analysis.
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A practical decision framework
Work through these questions in order before deciding that registration is or is not required:
- Identify the legal person and PAN. List every proprietorship, company, partnership or other business activity linked to that PAN.
- Total the financial-year aggregate turnover. Include taxable, exempt, export and relevant inter-State supplies across India; remove statutory exclusions such as inward reverse-charge supplies and GST components.
- Classify the supplies. Mark the business as goods-only, services-only or mixed. Confirm whether any supply is non-taxable, wholly exempt or agricultural produce from cultivation.
- Check the location rule. Determine the state or Union Territory where liability arises and read the current threshold notification. Do not rely solely on a 2019 summary.
- Check compulsory categories. Review inter-State supplies, casual or non-resident status, reverse charge, section 9(5), e-commerce/TCS, input-service-distributor and deduction or collection obligations.
- Document the conclusion. Keep the turnover ledger, supply classification and notification relied on, so the decision can be revisited when the facts or law change.
Application deadline once you become liable
Under section 25, a person generally must apply for registration in each state or Union Territory where the liability arises within 30 days from the date the person becomes liable. This is a deadline for an ordinary taxpayer; casual taxable persons and non-resident taxable persons have distinct advance-application requirements. Do not use the ordinary 30-day rule for those special classes without checking their provisions.
How to apply on the GST Portal
The GST Portal’s normal-taxpayer workflow is the practical starting point for an online application. The portal process does not decide whether the law requires you to register; it collects the information needed after you have made that determination.
- Start a new registration for a normal taxpayer and enter the requested PAN, state or Union Territory and basic contact details.
- Complete the business information and principal place of business sections.
- Add promoters or partners and the authorized signatory; add an authorized representative if one is used.
- Enter principal and additional places of business.
- Describe the goods and services supplied and provide state-specific information requested by the form.
- Complete Aadhaar authentication where the portal requires or offers it for the applicant and signatory.
- Review the declaration and submit the verification. Save the application reference and track requests for clarification.
PAN is mandatory for regular registration. Keep your PAN details, address evidence, constitution documents, signatory information and a turnover record ready so the application reflects the same facts used in your liability analysis.
Worked scenarios
| Scenario | Likely treatment | What must be verified |
|---|---|---|
| Service business in a regular state with ₹19 lakh total turnover and only local taxable supplies | Below the general threshold, so section 22 alone would not yet require registration. | Check whether reverse charge, e-commerce, section 9(5) or another section 24 category applies. |
| Goods-only business with ₹35 lakh turnover in a state covered by a current ₹40 lakh notification | Potentially below the notified threshold. | Confirm the notification is current and that the business is exclusively in eligible goods; adding services or other disqualifying activity can change the result. |
| Small service supplier making inter-State supplies through a platform | May qualify for the specific relief described in CBIC’s 2019 update. | Confirm the service category, turnover, platform’s TCS status and the latest notification. Do not generalize the relief to goods. |
| Trader with ₹8 lakh turnover but a statutory reverse-charge obligation | Registration may be compulsory below the threshold. | Identify the exact reverse-charge provision and effective date. |
| Agriculturist selling only produce grown on the person’s land | Section 23 exclusion generally applies. | Check whether the person also trades, processes or supplies other taxable goods or services. |
Common mistakes and how to correct them
- Counting state by state: Rebuild the ledger by PAN and combine all Indian locations.
- Counting only taxable invoices: Add exempt supplies, exports and relevant inter-State supplies.
- Using ₹40 lakh as a universal limit: Confirm the current state notification and goods-only conditions.
- Assuming every online sale requires GST: Identify the platform’s TCS and section 9(5) status and the supply category.
- Treating a historical FAQ as current law: Prefer the consolidated Act and applicable notifications; CBIC’s 2019 update records later relief that older FAQ wording may not show.
- Confusing registration with tax on every sale: Registration status and the GST rate or exemption for an individual supply are separate questions.
- Missing the deadline: Record the date the liability arose and apply within the applicable period, using the special timing rules for casual and non-resident taxpayers.
What to verify before relying on a conclusion
Threshold notifications and platform rules can change. For a business-specific decision, verify the latest central and state or Union Territory notifications, the exact classification of each supply, the PAN-linked turnover, and any reverse-charge or special-taxpayer status. If those facts are uncertain, obtain advice from a qualified GST professional before invoicing as an unregistered person or submitting an application.
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