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The EU’s once-only principle is meant to spare people and businesses from submitting the same official evidence repeatedly in certain cross-border administrative procedures. When a procedure is covered and the relevant authorities are connected, the applicant can ask the authority handling the case to retrieve evidence directly from an official source in another EU Member State through the Single Digital Gateway’s Once-Only Technical System (OOTS).
It is a scoped, user-requested exchange—not a rule that every government service is online, that every document can be shared, or that a business automatically qualifies for a permit or benefit. For businesses, it can reduce repeat paperwork in eligible procedures. For public authorities, it requires the ability to request or provide evidence through a shared technical framework while applying the relevant legal and data-protection safeguards.
What the once-only principle means
The once-only principle is the idea that a person or business should not have to provide information to public authorities more than once when the information is already held by an authority and can lawfully be reused. In the EU Single Digital Gateway, the principle is implemented for specified procedures through cross-border evidence exchange: an authority dealing with an application may obtain relevant official evidence from an authority in another Member State instead of asking the applicant to find and submit the document again.
The legal framework is the Single Digital Gateway Regulation, Regulation (EU) 2018/1724. It links the principle to specified procedures and defines a technical system for automated evidence exchange between competent authorities in different Member States. The regulation does not create a general right for any public body to search any other body’s records. Its scope is tied to the procedures and evidence covered by the framework. The consolidated text of Regulation (EU) 2018/1724 and the EUR-Lex legal summary set out the legal basis.
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The principle concerns evidence and administrative burden, not the substantive rules for a case. If a company applies for a registration, authorisation, or other service, retrieving evidence more easily does not change the eligibility criteria, deadlines, fees, or decision the competent authority must apply. The authority still assesses the application under the applicable rules.
How the Single Digital Gateway and OOTS differ
The Single Digital Gateway is the broader EU initiative for making information, procedures, assistance, and problem-solving services easier to access online. Its Your Europe portal and national portals help users find information and services. OOTS has a narrower, technical role: it supports the requested exchange of evidence between authorities in different Member States for in-scope procedures. The gateway is therefore not synonymous with OOTS, and finding a procedure through a gateway does not by itself mean that evidence retrieval is available for it.
The European Commission describes OOTS as infrastructure that connects public authorities so that evidence can be exchanged from authentic sources. It uses a decentralized architecture; it is not a single EU database that collects all the evidence held by national authorities. The system’s common technical and interoperability components enable an exchange, while the relevant national authorities remain the source of the records and the authorities responsible for the procedure. See the Commission’s overview of the Single Digital Gateway and Your Europe and the OOTS hub overview.
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For a business, the practical experience begins in the online procedure offered by the Member State where the application is being made. If that procedure supports OOTS and the relevant authorities are connected, the business can request that the receiving authority obtain specified evidence from the authority that holds it in another Member State. This may avoid having to locate, download, and upload an official document a second time.
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- Open the relevant national procedure. Start with the portal for the authority or service where the business is applying. Check the procedure’s stated scope, requirements, and available online options; OOTS does not make every service available through one EU-wide application form.
- Check whether evidence retrieval is offered. If the procedure and connected authorities support the exchange, the interface should provide a way to request evidence from an official source. If there is no such option, the principle alone does not mean that the authority can retrieve the record through OOTS.
- Make the request and review the evidence where offered. The Commission describes the exchange as being initiated at the citizen’s or business’s explicit request, with an opportunity to preview the information before it is exchanged. Union or national law may provide otherwise. The Commission’s explanation is in its 20 July 2022 article on OOTS.
- Allow the authority to use the retrieved evidence in the procedure. The authority handling the case remains responsible for assessing the application. Evidence exchange can reduce document handling, but it does not guarantee a particular outcome or remove other requirements.
The procedure’s interface and the evidence available depend on the service and participating authorities. The system is designed to use official sources, but users should still follow the portal’s instructions and check whether any other documents or actions remain necessary.
Which procedures and evidence are covered?
Coverage is defined rather than universal. The Regulation connects the gateway to procedures listed in Annex II and certain procedures under other EU directives. OOTS supports automated evidence exchange for an in-scope procedure between competent authorities in different Member States. It does not apply automatically to every national administrative interaction, every type of record, or every cross-border business activity.
That distinction matters because the same business may encounter both covered and uncovered steps. An online procedure may provide general information but not an OOTS evidence request; a particular authority may be connected for some evidence but not for every record relevant to a case. The practical test is whether the specific procedure offers the exchange and whether the relevant source authority can provide the requested evidence through the system.
OOTS also does not make all evidence legally interchangeable. What is relevant, which authority holds it, and whether it may be used in a particular procedure depend on the applicable rules. The principle is intended to reduce repeated submission where the framework permits retrieval, not to override national requirements or expand a procedure’s scope.
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What businesses gain—and what does not change
For a company operating across borders, repeat requests for official records can add administrative work: staff may need to identify the correct authority, obtain a document, confirm its format, and submit it to another public body. An OOTS-supported request can shift that evidence retrieval from the applicant to the authorities. The potential benefit is greatest when the procedure is genuinely cross-border, its required evidence is available from a connected authority, and the online process supports the request.
The Commission identifies burdens such as fragmented information, paper-only procedures, and national technical barriers—for example, requirements involving accepted phone numbers, postal codes, or payment methods. The Single Digital Gateway is intended to address parts of that broader friction, but OOTS addresses evidence exchange specifically. It should not be treated as a fix for every obstacle a company may encounter while using a national service.
The Commission’s Single Digital Gateway page gives an expected company savings figure of more than €11 billion per year. This is the Commission’s estimate or expectation, not a figure established here as savings already realized by businesses. A company’s actual time or cost reduction will depend on its procedures and circumstances.
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In practical terms, businesses should not assume that an online cross-border procedure is paperless just because the once-only principle exists. Before preparing an application, check the national procedure page, identify its evidence requirements, and look for a supported option to request evidence from another Member State. If the option is not available, follow the procedure’s stated submission route and ask the responsible authority what evidence it accepts.
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What public authorities need to do
A public authority may act as an evidence requester, an evidence provider, or both. A requester must be able to make the relevant request as part of an in-scope procedure; a provider must be able to return appropriate evidence from its official records. Authorities therefore need to coordinate with national counterparts and connect relevant systems to the shared interoperability framework.
Implementation is not simply a matter of putting a document online. The technical specifications and supporting documents govern how systems exchange requests and evidence. Authorities must also account for the legal basis and purpose of each exchange, applicable data-protection obligations, and cybersecurity requirements. The decentralized design means that authorities retain their roles as holders and users of records rather than transferring all evidence into a central EU repository.
For an authority assessing implementation, useful questions include:
- Which procedures handled by the authority fall within the Regulation’s scope?
- For each procedure, which evidence items may be requested from another Member State, and which authorities are the authentic sources?
- Can the authority act as a requester, a provider, or both using the common technical framework?
- How will the user’s request and any preview opportunity be presented, subject to exceptions under Union or national law?
- How will the exchange fit the authority’s existing case-management, records, security, and data-protection processes?
These are implementation responsibilities, not proof that every authority has completed onboarding. The existence of common specifications and a live system does not mean every national service or evidence source is equally connected.
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Coverage figures and implementation dates
The Commission’s OOTS hub showed 232 administrative procedures, 60 procedural requirements, 372 evidence items, and 107 authorities when accessed on 13 October 2026. The hub page was last updated on 8 June 2026. It defines the procedures as those allowing users to request evidence from another Member State, and evidence as official documents or data retrieved by competent authorities in response to a citizen’s or business’s request. These are dynamic system coverage indicators, not a count of all public services or a guarantee that every exchange is live or available in every location.
The Commission said the core OOTS infrastructure launched on 12 December 2023. Earlier, in a 20 July 2022 article, it described 21 procedures in Annex II as due to be made available fully online by December 2023. That 21-procedure figure refers to the historical implementation milestone as described in 2022; it is not the current procedure total displayed by the OOTS hub.
Because system coverage and national implementation can change, businesses should use the current national procedure portal to determine whether a particular evidence request is available. Authorities should use the Commission’s OOTS hub and relevant technical materials to understand the system’s present scope and implementation framework.
Common misunderstandings
- “Once-only means I never submit a government document again.” No. The principle applies to specified procedures and evidence exchanges, not every service or record.
- “The authority can access any record held anywhere in the EU.” No. OOTS supports a defined exchange between competent authorities in different Member States for relevant evidence and in-scope procedures.
- “The EU stores every exchanged document in one database.” No. The architecture is decentralized; evidence comes from official source authorities.
- “If evidence is retrieved, the application is approved.” No. The authority still applies the procedure’s substantive requirements.
- “The Single Digital Gateway is the OOTS evidence system.” Not exactly. The gateway also supports access to information, procedures, assistance, and problem-solving services; OOTS is its technical evidence-exchange component.
What the principle means in practice
For a business, the useful expectation is narrower than “one submission for everything,” but more concrete: where the procedure is covered, the authorities are connected, and the evidence can be exchanged, the applicant may request that official information be retrieved rather than submitted again. For a public authority, the corresponding task is to support the relevant request or provide the official evidence through the common framework while meeting legal, technical, and security obligations.
The once-only principle is therefore best understood as a targeted improvement to cross-border administration. Its value lies in removing a repeated evidence-handling step when the law, procedure, and connected systems allow it—not in replacing national procedures or guaranteeing universal digital access.
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