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Phubbing is paying attention to a phone during a face-to-face interaction in a way that leaves the person with you feeling ignored or pushed aside. The word blends “phone” and “snubbing.” A phone’s mere presence is not phubbing; the key is whether phone attention disrupts the shared interaction.
What counts as phubbing?
Phubbing describes phone use that diverts attention from someone who is physically present. In research, the behavior is defined in the context of an in-person interaction, not simply by having a phone nearby. A 2018 study of phubbing examined how the behavior affected perceived communication quality and relationship satisfaction.
Partner phubbing is the same kind of behavior directed toward a romantic partner during time they are sharing. It can happen while talking, eating together, or spending time side by side. Whether an instance feels dismissive depends on the context: checking an urgent message and explaining why is different from repeatedly turning away without acknowledging the other person.
What does research say about its effect on relationships?
The evidence consistently links partner phubbing with less favorable relationship experiences, but it does not establish that phone use alone causes a relationship to deteriorate. A 2025 meta-analysis combined 52 studies, 58 samples, and 19,698 participants. It reported negative associations with relationship and marital satisfaction, relationship quality, intimacy, perceived responsiveness, and emotional closeness, as well as links with conflict and jealousy. The authors also noted variation across populations and study designs, and that much of the literature is cross-sectional. Read the 2025 meta-analysis.
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Two cross-sectional surveys by Camiel J. Beukeboom and Monique Pollmann, with samples of 507 and 386 participants, found that feelings of exclusion, lower perceived partner responsiveness, and lower intimacy helped explain the association between partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction. Conflict and jealousy did not significantly mediate that association after the researchers accounted for those factors. Because these were surveys, they show relationships among reported experiences rather than proving a one-way cause. Read the 2021 study.
How the interaction may feel
When someone focuses on a screen during shared time, the other person may feel excluded or may perceive their partner as less responsive. Those experiences are relevant to intimacy and satisfaction, according to the survey findings; they are not proof that every phone check has the same effect.
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What daily observations add
A 2022 diary study followed 75 participants for 10 consecutive days. On days when participants reported more partner phubbing, they also reported lower relationship satisfaction and more anger or frustration. The study found no association with the recipient’s well-being. Its short duration and small sample make it a focused view of day-to-day experiences, not a population-wide estimate. Read the daily diary study.
How common is phone use during conversations?
An observational study of 100 student dyads in a restaurant found that at least one person used a phone in 62 dyads. In 30% of the conversations in which phones were used, participants shared screens. The researchers also found that people recalled their own and their partner’s phone use poorly, and that a partner’s phone use was associated with lower perceived conversation intimacy. These results describe that student-restaurant sample; they are not a prevalence estimate for the general population. Read the observational study.
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Can phone use be less disruptive?
Beukeboom and Pollmann found that involving a partner in, or informing them about, one’s phone activity moderated adverse effects in their study. That supports a practical option—briefly explain a necessary check or include the other person when it makes sense—but it does not prove that this approach will work in every relationship or situation.
For a shared interaction, consider three questions:
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- Is the phone activity necessary or urgent? If it can wait, give the conversation your attention.
- Can you include or inform the other person? A short explanation can make the reason for a check clear; sharing something relevant may turn screen time into a joint activity.
- Have you agreed on expectations? Talk about what feels respectful during meals, conversations, or other time together rather than assuming both people have the same rule.
These are conversation choices, not treatments proven in head-to-head trials. The findings support discussing inclusion and expectations, not buying a particular product or expecting a guaranteed result.
What the evidence cannot establish
A 2026 systematic review covers 22 peer-reviewed studies across romantic relationships, friendships, family, education, and workplaces, but its abstract does not provide detailed effect estimates for those different settings. It is a broad cross-context overview, not a reason to assume the same consequences in every relationship. Read the 2026 systematic review.
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Across the relationship literature, study populations and methods differ, and much of the evidence is cross-sectional. Phone behavior and relationship strain may influence each other; the available findings do not settle the direction of that relationship or show that every instance of phone use harms a conversation.
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