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The clearest recent public figure is $98,870 in FY2023 maintenance cost per Abrams tank. That number comes from the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) and measures Army fleet maintenance, not the complete cost of operating a tank by the mile, hour, or year. GAO also reports $384.04 million in total Abrams fleet maintenance for FY2023, including $381.45 million in parts and $2.58 million in depot costs.
A full operating-and-support bill would also depend on fuel, crew and maintainer personnel, training, transportation, ammunition, overhaul, modernization, and other logistics. Those categories are not rolled into the $98,870 figure unless an accounting statement explicitly includes them.
What the latest public figures actually measure
People asking “How much does it cost to run an Abrams tank?” often expect a fuel cost per mile or an annual ownership figure. Public Army data do not provide a single current number that answers all of those questions. The most specific recent benchmark is a fiscal-year maintenance measure for the Army’s Abrams fleet.
| Measure | Amount | What it represents |
|---|---|---|
| Maintenance cost per Abrams vehicle | $98,870 | FY2023 Army fleet maintenance cost per vehicle, reported by GAO |
| Total Abrams fleet maintenance | $384.04 million | FY2023 Army fleet maintenance total |
| Parts and materiel within that total | $381.45 million | FY2023 parts-cost component shown in GAO’s dashboard |
| Depot costs within that total | $2.58 million | FY2023 depot-cost component shown separately by GAO |
| Increase in Army-wide Abrams maintenance | $181.3 million | FY2015–FY2023 increase, expressed in constant FY2023 dollars |
| Increase attributed to parts and materiel | $180.4 million | GAO’s attribution for nearly all of that inflation-adjusted increase |
The per-vehicle figure is an average derived from fleet accounting. It is not a quoted invoice for every tank, and it is not an hourly operating rate. A particular tank can require little unscheduled work in one year or a major repair in another. Fleet averages smooth those differences.
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Maintenance cost versus the cost to operate a tank
“Maintenance” is only one slice of military operating and support (O&S) cost. The $98,870 should therefore be read as a maintenance benchmark, not as the total annual cost of keeping an Abrams trained, supplied, transported, and ready.
What the maintenance measure can include
GAO’s dashboard reports parts and depot categories for the Abrams fleet. In practical terms, maintenance accounting can involve repair parts, field-level labor and activities, and depot-level work, depending on the Army accounting data used. The FY2023 dashboard values specifically identify parts and depot amounts; they should not be expanded into categories that the table does not state.
Costs that are not established by the $98,870 figure
- Fuel and lubricants consumed during exercises, movement, and combat.
- Soldier, civilian maintainer, and support personnel compensation.
- Initial and recurring crew training, ranges, simulators, and exercise support.
- Strategic and tactical transportation, storage, and supply operations.
- Ammunition and weapons-system expendables.
- Large depot overhauls, recapitalization, modernization, and engineering changes when accounted for outside the dashboard’s maintenance categories.
- Other O&S expenses used by the Department of Defense for a weapon system’s life-cycle cost.
Consequently, there is no defensible way to multiply $98,870 by a number of years and call the result an Abrams ownership cost. The denominator, accounting scope, and fiscal-year rules would all have to be specified first.
How the FY2015–FY2023 trend changed
GAO’s 2025 sustainment review found that Army-wide Abrams maintenance costs rose by $181.3 million between FY2015 and FY2023 after adjusting the comparison to constant FY2023 dollars. Parts and materiel accounted for $180.4 million of that increase. GAO also found that maintenance cost per Abrams vehicle in FY2023 was nearly twice the FY2015 level.
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“Constant FY2023 dollars” means the earlier year’s spending was inflation-adjusted for a like-for-like comparison. It does not mean the Army paid FY2023 prices in FY2015, nor does it predict what a future fiscal year will cost. The finding is fleet-wide: it describes the Army’s Abrams inventory in aggregate rather than a particular brigade, tank variant, or mission.
Why parts and materiel dominate the increase
The parts result is consistent with the sustainment problems GAO identified across the ground-vehicle fleets it reviewed. Those problems include shortages of parts and materiel, technical data or drawings that are unavailable or outdated, shortages of skilled maintainers, vehicles reaching service-life limits, and unplanned maintenance demand.
These are fleet-level observations, not a claim that every Abrams experiences each problem in the same way. They help explain why a relatively small change in the number of tanks can coexist with a large change in maintenance spending: expensive assemblies, scarce components, engineering support, and emergency repairs can move the total sharply.
Parts availability can affect readiness as well as price
A higher maintenance budget does not automatically produce more tanks ready for missions. GAO reported that none of the Army vehicles in its FY2024 review met the Army’s 90% availability goal. That finding covered the selected vehicle fleets in the review, not an Abrams-only readiness rate.
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GAO also reported that Army depot overhauls across the reviewed fleets fell from 1,278 in FY2015 to 12 in FY2024. Officials told GAO that the lower overhaul volume negatively affected mission-capable rates for most vehicles. The figures are fleet-wide and should not be presented as the number of Abrams overhauls.
Service intervals and the Abrams maintenance pilot
The Army has been testing ways to reduce scheduled-maintenance complexity and leave more time for unscheduled work. A 2025 Army article described an Abrams pilot that changed the timing of recurring services. The article states: “For the M1 Abrams these changes will shift current semi-annual service tasks to eight months, current annual tasks to 16 months, and current biennial tasks remain at 24 months.”
The change is a scheduling adjustment, not proof that the tank needs less maintenance over its life. Moving a task from six to eight months, for example, changes when labor and parts are scheduled; it does not by itself establish a lower lifetime requirement.
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Through March 31, 2024, the Army article reported a seven percent increase in Abrams availability compared with the preceding six months. It also reported no significant increase in unscheduled maintenance, repair-parts cost, or major-assembly consumption during that period.
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The article cautioned that it was too early to judge definitive effectiveness. The seven-percent result is therefore an early availability observation, not a guaranteed savings rate and not evidence that every unit will see the same outcome. Availability and cost must be tracked over a longer period and across more units before the schedule can be treated as a proven long-term economy.
Additional dispatch checks
To control risk while changing intervals, the Army added dispatch quality-assurance and quality-control checks. The listed checks covered the battery box, steering, brakes, fuel and oil leaks, fire-suppression equipment, the gun replenisher, and the driver’s vision enhancer. These checks are intended to catch safety or reliability issues before a vehicle leaves the motor pool; they should not be counted as a reduction in maintenance work.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Why there is no reliable public “cost per mile” or “cost per hour”
A cost-per-mile or cost-per-hour number requires a consistent operating denominator. A tank may spend long periods parked, undergo engine or transmission work without traveling, or accumulate engine hours during stationary training. Fuel burn also varies with terrain, load, speed, weather, idling, and tactical conditions. Allocating personnel, transport, ammunition, and overhaul costs to each mile or hour introduces additional accounting choices.
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1Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors2Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches3Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsThe public GAO values cited here use fiscal-year fleet maintenance accounting. They do not publish a current full-cost-per-mile or full-cost-per-operating-hour figure for the Abrams. Any website offering one should identify the exact variant, fiscal period, included cost categories, denominator, and whether the value is a laboratory estimate, a unit’s local calculation, or a full O&S model.
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How to compare Abrams cost figures without being misled
| Check | Question to ask | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Is the number maintenance only, or total O&S? | A maintenance average cannot answer a full ownership question. |
| Period | Which fiscal year is covered, and are dollars nominal or inflation-adjusted? | Prices and accounting totals change over time. |
| Denominator | Is it a fleet total, per vehicle, per mile, or per operating hour? | Different denominators are not interchangeable. |
| Included categories | Are parts, depot work, field labor, fuel, personnel, logistics, and modernization identified? | Missing categories can make a low figure look comprehensive. |
| Readiness context | What availability or mission-capable result accompanied the spending? | Cost without delivered readiness does not show value. |
| Population | Does the result apply to Abrams specifically or to several Army vehicle fleets? | Fleet-wide findings cannot automatically be assigned to every Abrams. |
Historical context: the 1991 Abrams-versus-M60 study
GAO published Abrams Tank: Operating Costs More Than Expected on February 28, 1991. The report compared M1/M1A1 operating and support costs and readiness with the older M60. It is useful for understanding that Abrams cost concerns have a long history, but it is not a current price list.
The historical report’s period, fleet composition, accounting conventions, and technology differ substantially from FY2023 Army data. A historical multiple should not be mixed with today’s $98,870 maintenance figure, and no historical ratio is stated here because the detailed numeric comparison is not established in the accessible report summary.
Where authoritative O&S data are maintained
The Department of Defense’s EVAMOSC platform is described as the authoritative source for historical operating-and-support data for major defense weapon systems. Access to service-level data requires portal authentication, so a public reader may not be able to retrieve every Abrams cost field directly. EVAMOSC data, when available for the relevant variant and year, can provide a broader O&S view than the GAO maintenance dashboard.
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For a serious cost study, record the Abrams variant, fleet population, fiscal years, inflation basis, cost elements, readiness measure, and whether modernization or overhaul is included. Without that metadata, two apparently precise figures may be measuring different things.
Quick Recap
A practical answer to “How much does an Abrams cost to run?”
- Use $98,870 as the current public maintenance benchmark. It is the GAO-reported FY2023 per-vehicle Army maintenance measure.
- Use $384.04 million for the FY2023 fleet maintenance total. The dashboard breaks this into $381.45 million in parts and $2.58 million in depot costs.
- Do not label either number a full annual operating cost. Fuel, personnel, training, transportation, ammunition, modernization, and other O&S categories are not established by that benchmark.
- Put spending beside readiness. GAO’s FY2024 review found none of the selected Army vehicle fleets met the 90% availability goal, while the Abrams service-interval pilot reported a preliminary seven-percent availability increase through March 31, 2024.
- Demand the accounting frame for any competing estimate. Verify the fiscal year, inflation treatment, denominator, Abrams population, and included cost categories before comparing it.
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