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The Magento encryption key is a secret value in app/etc/env.php, stored under crypt.key. Adobe Commerce and Magento Open Source use it to protect passwords and other sensitive values. Current releases use a command-line rotation workflow; on version 2.4.8 and later, the former Admin rotation screen is gone.
Managing the key safely means protecting env.php, preserving the key through backups and migrations, scheduling rotation as maintenance, re-encrypting documented data, and warning users that rotation signs out customers and administrators. Integration users are not signed out.
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Adobe describes the encryption key as the value Commerce uses to protect passwords and other sensitive data. It is not a password that an administrator types at login, and it is not a per-user credential. It is an application-level secret used by Magento’s cryptographic functions.
Encryption and hashing are different operations
Adobe’s current documentation specifies ChaCha20-Poly1305 with a 256-bit key for values that must later be decrypted. Decryption is necessary when Magento needs to recover the original value—for example, to use a stored secret while processing a configuration setting or payment-related record.
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Values that do not need to be recovered are handled differently. Adobe documents SHA-256 hashing for those values. A hash is a one-way representation, so changing the encryption key does not turn a hash back into its original text. This distinction matters when you plan a rotation: re-encryption applies to encrypted fields, while one-way hashes are not decrypted and rewritten as plaintext.
How the key is created
The key is created during installation. The installer can generate one automatically, or the installer can accept a supplied key. Whichever option was used, the resulting value is written to the environment configuration file and becomes part of the cryptographic state of the installation.
Where the key is stored
The operational location is the Magento application root followed by app/etc/env.php. Inside that PHP configuration file, the relevant structure is a crypt section containing a key value. A simplified shape is:
'crypt' => [
'key' => 'your-secret-value'
],The exact value should never be copied into tickets, chat messages, documentation, screenshots, or shell history that is broadly accessible. Treat the entire env.php file as sensitive because it also contains other environment-specific settings.
Source-control and filesystem rules
Adobe’s sensitive-settings guidance says not to include env.php in source control. Keep it excluded from Git repositories and from any build artifact that is distributed more widely than the production environment. Use your organization’s controlled secret-management and deployment process for backups and deployment copies.
- Restrict filesystem access to the accounts and deployment processes that require it.
- Keep an encrypted recovery copy in the same controlled process used for other production secrets.
- Confirm that a restore or migration procedure can supply the key before bringing the store online.
- Review logs and automation so the value itself is not printed during deployment or troubleshooting.
- Record which environment a backup belongs to; using a key from the wrong installation can make protected data unreadable.
The key must remain available when restoring or migrating a store because Magento needs it to decrypt data that was protected with that key. A database backup without the matching environment configuration is therefore not a complete recovery set for encrypted values.
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Which management method applies to your release?
The supported workflow depends primarily on the Commerce or Magento Open Source release you run. Adobe says the Admin encryption-key feature is deprecated and was removed in version 2.4.8.
| Release situation | Rotation interface | Operational implication |
|---|---|---|
| Older releases that still expose the Admin feature | Admin rotation screen may be present, but the feature is deprecated. | Check the exact release documentation and plan a controlled maintenance event rather than assuming the screen will remain available after an upgrade. |
| Version 2.4.8 and later | bin/magento encryption:key:change |
Use the CLI procedure; the Admin rotation screen was removed. |
The command is the durable choice for current installations. Before scheduling work, verify that the command exists on the target environment instead of relying on a remembered version number or an interface seen on another store.
Plan a key rotation before touching production
Changing the key is not a routine configuration edit. It changes the secret used for cryptographic operations and immediately invalidates customer and administrator sessions. Treat the operation as a maintenance task with a rollback and recovery plan.
Pre-rotation checklist
- Identify the exact Commerce or Magento Open Source version and whether the store is Cloud or on-premises.
- Confirm that
app/etc/env.phpis writable by the process that will run the command. - Make a secure record of the current key and establish where the new key will be retained after the command completes.
- Verify that database and file backups are recent enough for your recovery requirements.
- Inventory integrations and support procedures so staff know that customer and administrator sign-ins will be required again.
- Identify any custom encrypted columns that are not covered by Magento’s documented re-encryptors.
- Choose a maintenance window during which checkout, administration, scheduled jobs, and background consumers can be paused safely.
Do not start by editing the crypt.key line manually. The CLI command performs the key-change operation and provides the supported path for a current release.
Current CLI rotation procedure
Adobe’s sequence has eight operational stages. Keep the order intact: stopping traffic-producing jobs before the change reduces the chance that data is written while the application is being rekeyed.
- Check writability. Confirm that
app/etc/env.phpcan be written in the target environment. If it is read-only, correct the deployment or filesystem condition before continuing. - Enable maintenance mode. Run:
bin/magento maintenance:enableVerify that the storefront and administrative entry points present the expected maintenance response.
- Stop cron. On Cloud, use:
./vendor/bin/ece-tools cron:disableOn an on-premises installation, pause the crontab or other scheduler that invokes Magento cron. Stopping cron prevents scheduled work from competing with the key change and re-encryption tasks.
- Confirm the command is installed. Run:
bin/magento list | grep encryption:key:changeIf the command is not listed, stop and resolve the release or deployment mismatch instead of substituting a manual edit.
- Change the key. Run:
bin/magento encryption:key:changeWait for the command to finish and verify that it reports no errors. Preserve the new key through the approved secret-management process.
- Flush cache. On Cloud, use the platform cache command:
magento-cloud ccOn-premises, run:
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- Restart cron. Re-enable the Cloud scheduler through the corresponding ece-tools action, or restore the on-premises crontab and verify that scheduled execution is active.
- Leave maintenance mode. Run:
bin/magento maintenance:disableMonitor the storefront, checkout, administration, and scheduled processing before declaring the window complete.
If an error occurs, keep maintenance mode enabled, preserve the command output, and use the recovery copy of the environment configuration and database backups to determine the safe recovery path. Do not repeatedly run the rotation command while the cause is unknown.
What happens to sessions after the key changes?
Adobe states that rotation immediately invalidates all customer and administrator sessions, excluding integration users. Customers and administrators must log in again. This is an expected security effect, not evidence that the rotation failed.
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- Announce the maintenance window and tell staff that existing browser sessions will end.
- Ask support teams to expect login-related contacts immediately after the store returns.
- Do not treat an integration account’s continued access as proof that all sessions survived; integration users are explicitly excluded from the invalidation behavior.
- After maintenance mode is disabled, test a fresh customer login and an administrator login in separate browsers.
Because session renewal is forced, schedule the operation when a short burst of new logins will not conflict with a campaign, launch, or high-volume support period.
Re-encrypt documented data after rotation
Changing the key does not eliminate the need to process encrypted records that were written with the old key. Adobe documents two default re-encryptors: the core configuration table core_config_data and sales-order payment data in sales_order_payment.
Run the documented command after the key change:
bin/magento encryption:data:re-encrypt core_config_data sales_order_paymentThe command names the data areas to process. Include both documented arguments when both areas are used by the installation. Run it during the same controlled maintenance window unless your release-specific operating procedure requires a separate window, and watch the command output for errors before reopening normal processing.
| Data area | Re-encryptor supplied by Adobe | What to verify |
|---|---|---|
core_config_data |
Yes | Run it as the first argument in the documented command and check for completion without errors. |
sales_order_payment |
Yes | Run it as the second documented argument and verify that payment-related protected values remain usable by the application. |
| Custom encrypted columns | Not automatically covered by the two default arguments | Provide a custom re-encryptor based on Adobe’s SimpleHandler pattern. |
Custom columns and extensions
Extensions and bespoke modules may store encrypted values outside the two documented tables. A successful default command does not establish that every custom column has been converted. For each custom encrypted field, identify the module’s encryption configuration and implement a re-encryptor using Adobe’s documented SimpleHandler pattern. Test the handler against a non-production copy before running it on live data.
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Do not guess which columns are encrypted by searching for strings that merely look opaque. Use the module’s implementation and configuration to establish whether a field is encrypted, hashed, or ordinary text. Hashes do not become decryptable through key rotation and should not be passed to a decryption routine.
How to verify a completed rotation
Verification should cover the secret, the application, the data areas, and user access. A command that exits successfully is necessary but not sufficient for a production sign-off.
Configuration checks
- Confirm that
env.phpcontains the newcrypt.keyvalue and remains protected from source control. - Confirm that the controlled secret record was updated and that the recovery process identifies the new value.
- Check file ownership and permissions without exposing the value in a report.
Application checks
- Confirm maintenance mode is disabled only after cache flushing and cron restoration.
- Open the storefront and administration in fresh sessions.
- Test a customer login and an administrator login; both should require authentication again.
- Exercise a configuration path that uses a protected value and a payment-related workflow appropriate to your test environment.
- Confirm that scheduled jobs resume after cron is restarted.
Data checks
- Review the output of
encryption:data:re-encryptfor errors. - Confirm that any custom re-encryptors completed for extension-owned encrypted columns.
- Check application logs for decryption failures after traffic resumes.
If a protected value cannot be decrypted after rotation, stop making further changes. Preserve logs, keep the maintenance decision reversible, and use the documented key record and backups to determine whether the wrong environment file, an incomplete re-encryption, or an uncovered custom column is involved.
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The cryptographic operation is the same, but scheduler and cache commands differ by hosting model. The distinction is operational rather than a difference in the key format.
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1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors| Task | Cloud | On-premises |
|---|---|---|
| Disable cron | ./vendor/bin/ece-tools cron:disable |
Pause the crontab or scheduler that runs Magento cron. |
| Flush cache | magento-cloud cc |
bin/magento cache:flush |
| Restart cron | Re-enable cron through the ece-tools workflow used by the environment. | Restore the paused crontab or scheduler and verify execution. |
Use the path and command set that matches the server you are changing. Copying a command from a different hosting model can leave cron stopped or fail to clear the intended cache.
Common failure modes and safe responses
The command is missing
If bin/magento list | grep encryption:key:change returns nothing, the installation may be on a release with a different management interface, or the deployed code may be incomplete. Do not edit env.php by hand. Identify the exact release and follow its supported procedure; for version 2.4.8 and later, the CLI command is the required path.
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env.php is not writable
Stop before enabling a long maintenance window if the file cannot be updated. Correct the deployment or filesystem permission issue, then recheck writability. A command that cannot persist the new key cannot complete a safe rotation.
Re-encryption reports an error
Keep the site in the planned maintenance state while you capture the error and identify the affected data area. Check whether a custom encrypted column was omitted, whether the environment contains the expected key, and whether the database connection remained healthy. Resume normal traffic only after protected configuration and payment workflows have been tested.
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Immediate customer and administrator sign-outs are expected after a successful rotation. Ask users to authenticate again. Investigate only if fresh logins fail, integration users lose access unexpectedly, or application logs show decryption errors.
A migration cannot read protected values
Verify that the migration restored the matching env.php and that the key was not replaced by a value from another environment. Restore the controlled recovery copy and follow the application’s recovery procedure rather than generating an unrelated replacement key.
A practical operating checklist
- Identify the release and hosting model.
- Protect and verify the current
env.phprecovery copy. - Confirm the file is writable and the CLI command is present.
- Notify users and support teams about forced sign-in renewal.
- Enable maintenance mode.
- Disable cron using the Cloud or on-premises method.
- Run
bin/magento encryption:key:changeand save the new secret securely. - Flush cache with the hosting-appropriate command.
- Run
bin/magento encryption:data:re-encrypt core_config_data sales_order_payment. - Run custom re-encryptors for extension-owned encrypted columns.
- Restart cron, disable maintenance mode, and test fresh customer and administrator sessions.
- Review logs and scheduled jobs before closing the maintenance record.
Key management in one sentence
Keep crypt.key in the protected app/etc/env.php file, out of source control; rotate it through the current CLI workflow with maintenance and cron controls; then re-encrypt documented and custom encrypted data before returning the store to normal operation.
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