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TRISHNA is an Earth-observation satellite being developed by India’s ISRO and France’s CNES. ISRO’s 2025–26 Annual Report says realization is progressing well and confirms completion of the Preliminary Design Review (PDR) for the satellite’s bus elements and VNIR/SWIR payloads. WMO OSCAR’s record, last updated June 8, 2026, lists the mission as in development and estimates launch no earlier than 2028. That is a planning estimate, not a confirmed launch date.
What is TRISHNA?
TRISHNA stands for Thermal Infra-Red Imaging Satellite for High-resolution Natural Resource Assessment. It is a planned joint ISRO–CNES mission intended to observe Earth’s surface temperature, emissivity, biophysical conditions and radiation variables. Its measurements are designed to help assess surface energy budgets and environmental conditions; they are not data from an operational satellite yet.
ISRO’s mission description sets out objectives including tracking terrestrial water stress and water use, estimating evapotranspiration, and monitoring coastal and inland water conditions. Other planned applications include urban heat-island assessment, snowmelt and glacier monitoring, and thermal anomalies linked to volcanic or geothermal activity. ISRO’s TRISHNA mission page describes these goals.
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What is the latest development status?
ISRO’s Annual Report 2025–26 gives the clearest recent official milestone: “The realisation of the TRISHNA satellite is progressing well, with the completion of the Preliminary Design Review (PDR) for the bus elements and the VNIR and SWIR payloads.” The report does not attribute that wording to a named official. The completed PDRs are a design-review milestone; they do not, by themselves, establish that the satellite is ready for launch.
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Accordingly, the available official evidence supports saying that the mission is progressing through development and has completed those preliminary design reviews. It does not establish the exact phrase “advanced stage of realisation” as a current direct quotation from a named ISRO official.
When will TRISHNA launch?
WMO OSCAR lists TRISHNA as “Planned (Programme/mission approval, in development, firmly planned)” and gives a launch estimate of ≥2028. Its record was last updated on June 8, 2026. This points to a launch no earlier than 2028 in that dated record, but should not be read as a fixed date or a guarantee. WMO OSCAR’s TRISHNA record is the source for that estimate.
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What instruments and measurements are planned?
The satellite is designed to carry two complementary payloads:
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- VNIR/SWIR: A seven-band visible, near-infrared and shortwave-infrared payload developed by ISRO.
ISRO’s 2024 mission specifications describe an intended sun-synchronous orbit at 761 km altitude and a 12:30 p.m. equatorial local time. The stated spatial resolution is 57 m over land and coastal areas, and 1 km over oceanic and polar regions. ISRO gives the designed operational life as five years. These are planned specifications, not measured in-orbit performance. ISRO’s mission page lists the figures.
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CNES’s GEODES page describes observations approximately twice weekly, with 60 m resolution over continents and coastal ocean and 1,000 m over the rest of the ocean. Those figures differ slightly from ISRO’s stated resolutions and categorize the coverage differently, so they should be treated as CNES’s separate description rather than combined into one specification. CNES GEODES’ TRISHNA page provides that account.
How is the satellite and ground system planned?
CNES describes TRISHNA as roughly one tonne, with an ISRO-provided platform and a mission system organized jointly. It lists a 770 kg platform mass, 1.4 Tbit of mass memory and a 920 Mbps X-band downlink. These are source-reported design specifications, not independently verified performance figures. CNES also describes French and Indian ground segments with roles in production and distribution, and instrument and product expertise. CNES’s mission overview gives these architecture details.
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What data products and uses are planned?
CNES GEODES outlines a planned product chain:
- L1C: Corrected and orthorectified imagery, with cloud masks.
- L2A: Surface reflectance, land and sea surface temperature, emissivity and atmospheric-related variables.
- L2B: Vegetation variables, albedo, evapotranspiration and vegetation stress.
- L3: Daily evapotranspiration time series.
Potential applications described by CNES include crop irrigation and water-stress assessment, forest stress and burn recovery, coastal water temperature and quality, lakes and rivers, urban heat, cryosphere monitoring, atmospheric observations and solid-Earth thermal anomalies. For urban studies, the page describes combining thermal imagery with other satellite data to examine land cover and built form. These are intended applications, not demonstrated results from TRISHNA observations.
CNES identifies its GEODES portal and ISRO’s Bhoonidhi as planned distribution portals. The cited information does not establish that TRISHNA products are currently available through either portal, nor does it specify future licensing terms or prices. CNES GEODES’ product description covers the planned products and access points.
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