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If your H-1B employment ends, you may have up to 60 days—or less if your authorized validity period ends sooner—to take action. That period generally protects your authorized stay; it does not let you keep working for the former employer. A new H-1B employer may be able to use portability after filing a qualifying, nonfrivolous Form I-129 with an unexpired approved Labor Condition Application (LCA), while other workers may pursue a change of status, adjustment of status, or another qualifying route. Your exact deadline depends on your I-94, petition history and the documented end of employment.
Use the steps below to preserve options, separate immigration status from work authorization, and avoid treating a job offer or visa stamp as permission to work.
What happens immediately when an H-1B job ends?
Start with three dates and documents: the last day you actually worked, the date the employer treats the employment as terminated, and the “Admit Until Date” on your most recent Form I-94. Also collect the approval notices for your H-1B petitions and any notice or severance letter from the employer. The shortest controlling period may be the end of your authorized H-1B validity, not 60 days.
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Do not use “visa,” “status,” “authorized stay” and “work authorization” as synonyms:
- Visa: the document in a passport used to seek admission at a port of entry. Its expiration does not by itself determine how long an admitted worker may remain.
- Status: the classification granted in the United States, such as H-1B.
- Authorized stay: the period shown by immigration records, principally the I-94 and related approval notice.
- Employment authorization: permission to perform particular work. A grace period does not continue authorization to work for a former employer.
The Department of Labor (DOL) explains that employment-related nonproductive time is treated differently from a bona fide termination. Its Fact Sheet #62I says required-wage obligations can continue while the employment relationship continues, but “Payment for nonproductive time is not required after a bona fide termination of employment.”
How to calculate the possible grace-period deadline
- Confirm the employment-end date. Ask for the effective termination date in writing. A final paycheck date, a notice date and the last day of work may differ.
- Read the I-94. Use the most recent admission record, including an electronic I-94, rather than relying only on a visa-stamp expiration date.
- Review the latest H-1B approval notice. Compare its validity dates with the I-94 and identify any later extension, amendment or change of employer.
- Apply the shorter limit. The potential grace period is no more than 60 days and cannot extend beyond the authorized validity period. If that period ends earlier, the earlier date controls.
- Build in filing time. A prospective employer, attorney or other filer needs time to prepare a complete petition or application. Do not wait until the final day to discover that an LCA, signature or supporting record is missing.
USCIS’s May 15, 2023 response describes the consequence this way: if no qualifying action is taken, the worker and dependents may need to depart within 60 days or by the end of the authorized validity period, whichever is shorter. That statement is a general description, not a personalized deadline calculation. Keep copies of the I-94, approval notices, termination documents and filing receipts.
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Generally, no. The grace period is time to seek a new employer or pursue another immigration option; it is not an extension of the former employer’s work authorization. Continuing to perform services for the terminated employer, even remotely or while receiving severance, can create a separate employment and status problem.
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Separate an employer’s decision to stop assigning work from a bona fide termination. Under DOL Fact Sheet #62I, an H-1B employer generally must pay the required wage for nonproductive time caused by employment-related conditions—such as a lack of assigned work—while the employment relationship remains in place. Once there is a bona fide termination, that wage obligation for later nonproductive time does not continue.
Can a new H-1B employer let you start before approval?
Possibly, through H-1B portability. It is not enough to have an offer letter. The new employer must file a nonfrivolous Form I-129 petition for the new employment before the end of your authorized period of stay and submit an unexpired approved LCA covering the offered work. When the portability requirements are met, you may begin the new H-1B employment upon filing rather than waiting for USCIS to adjudicate the petition.
The DOL’s full explanation is in Fact Sheet #62W. The agency describes the purpose as allowing an H-1B worker to change jobs without the risk of being “out of status.” Its shorter H-1B Advisor portability summary also says work may start when a nonfrivolous petition is filed, but the fact sheet’s conditions matter.
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Portability checklist
- The worker is already in the United States in a qualifying H-1B situation.
- The new employer files Form I-129, not merely a letter of intent.
- The filing is nonfrivolous and made before the applicable authorized-stay period expires.
- An approved, unexpired LCA covers the actual offered position and work conditions.
- The worker and employer retain the filing receipt, petition copy and LCA records.
Because a job offer alone does not create portability, ask the new employer’s immigration counsel to confirm filing eligibility, the LCA’s coverage and the intended start date. If USCIS later questions the petition or the worker’s underlying eligibility, the ability to continue working can be affected.
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What options can extend your stay beyond the grace period?
USCIS lists several possible actions in its May 15, 2023 response. They are different legal routes, not interchangeable extensions, and filing one does not automatically grant the requested benefit.
| Route | Who or what it depends on | Can the filing itself authorize work? | Timing and cautions |
|---|---|---|---|
| New employer’s H-1B petition | A qualifying employer, nonfrivolous Form I-129 and an unexpired approved LCA | Portability may permit work for the new employer upon a qualifying filing; confirm all requirements | File before the applicable authorized-stay period ends; a job offer alone is insufficient |
| Change to another nonimmigrant status | Eligibility for the requested classification, such as a dependent or visitor category | Not automatically; work depends on the new classification and any separate authorization | File within the available period and follow the requested classification’s restrictions |
| Adjustment of status | An available immigrant basis and eligibility to adjust in the United States | Not automatically; employment generally requires separate authorization unless another rule applies | Availability depends on the immigrant category, visa availability and personal history |
| Compelling-circumstances EAD | Eligibility for this specific employment-authorization category | Work begins only if and when the EAD is issued and valid | USCIS identifies it as a possible route; the application is not a guarantee |
USCIS says that taking one of these actions within the up-to-60-day period can allow authorized stay to continue beyond 60 days, even if the worker loses the prior nonimmigrant status. That does not mean every filing is approvable or that a pending filing permits employment. Read the instructions for the particular form and obtain case-specific advice before selecting a route.
What must the employer do after termination?
The employer has duties separate from the worker’s search for a new job. The DOL H-1B Advisor says an employer that terminates an H-1B worker before the visa expires must provide clear notice, notify USCIS and document those actions. In certain circumstances, the employer must also offer or pay for transportation home. The transportation rule is fact-dependent; it is not an unconditional payment in every departure scenario. See the DOL H-1B termination guidance.
Fact Sheet #62I identifies notification to USCIS that employment ended and that the petition should be cancelled, together with required transportation payment where applicable, as evidence of a bona fide termination. Keep the employer’s notice and any USCIS-related documentation because the termination date and the evidence of termination can matter to later filings.
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What should you do during the first week?
Day 1: secure the records
- Download the current I-94 from the official Customs and Border Protection I-94 system and save a copy.
- Collect every H-1B approval notice, prior employer petition, amendment and extension in your possession.
- Save the termination letter, last pay statement, severance agreement and benefits-end date.
- List dependent family members’ I-94 and approval dates separately.
Days 2–3: contact potential employers
Tell recruiters and hiring managers that an H-1B change of employer may require a petition and LCA. Ask whether the company is prepared to file promptly and whether its immigration counsel has reviewed portability. Do not start work, training that is productive work, or billable services until the employer confirms the legal start date under its filing strategy.
Days 3–5: evaluate alternatives
If a new H-1B filing is not ready, discuss whether a change to another nonimmigrant status, adjustment of status or a compelling-circumstances EAD could fit your facts. Each option has different documentary requirements and work restrictions. A visitor classification, for example, is not a substitute for employment authorization.
Before the deadline: file and preserve proof
Obtain the receipt or other evidence that a complete filing was submitted. Keep delivery confirmation, the filed forms, supporting documents and the date of submission. A plan to file is not the same as a filing.
How dependents are affected
H-4 dependents’ authorized stay is tied to their own records and the principal worker’s immigration history. USCIS’s general statement says the worker and dependents may need to depart when the applicable period ends if no qualifying action is taken. Review each dependent’s I-94 and approval notice; do not assume that a principal worker’s filing automatically covers every family member.
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What if the employer says the layoff is temporary?
Ask whether the employment relationship has actually ended or whether the employer is placing you in nonproductive time while retaining you. The distinction affects wage obligations and the immigration record. During an ongoing employment relationship, DOL rules generally require payment of the required wage for qualifying employer-caused nonproductive time. After a bona fide termination, that obligation does not continue. Request the employer’s position in writing and preserve pay records.
Travel, visa stamps and reentry
The materials cited here do not establish how a particular person’s visa stamp, departure or reentry will be treated after job termination. A visa-stamp expiration date is not the same as an I-94 end date, and leaving the United States can change the procedural options available to you. Before traveling, obtain current, case-specific advice that considers the termination, any pending petition or application, the I-94 and the documents you would use to seek admission. Do not assume that a valid-looking visa stamp guarantees reentry or preserves a pending change-of-status request.
Common mistakes that create avoidable risk
- Counting on a full 60 days: the period may be shorter because the authorized validity ends first.
- Working during the grace period: the grace period does not authorize work for the former employer or a new employer without a qualifying basis.
- Starting on an offer letter: portability depends on a timely, nonfrivolous I-129 and an unexpired approved LCA covering the job.
- Using the visa stamp as the deadline: calculate from the I-94 and petition records.
- Assuming a pending application grants work authorization: a filing and an approval or EAD are different events.
- Ignoring dependents: each family member’s records and filings must be checked.
- Leaving without advice: travel can affect change-of-status and admission questions that are not resolved by the general grace-period rule.
When professional advice is especially important
Consider qualified immigration counsel promptly if the termination date is disputed, the I-94 and approval notice show different end dates, you have had multiple employers, a prior petition was withdrawn or revoked, you worked after the stated termination, you are considering travel, or you need to coordinate filings for dependents. Counsel can assess whether a new petition is truly nonfrivolous, whether the LCA covers the offered work and whether another status or immigrant filing is available.
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The USCIS letters cited above are from 2023, and the DOL portability fact sheet was revised in 2016. They support the rules described here, but forms, instructions and agency practice can change. Verify current USCIS instructions and regulations before filing.
A practical decision framework
| Your situation | Immediate priority | What not to assume |
|---|---|---|
| You have a new employer ready to file | Have the employer’s counsel prepare the I-129 and approved LCA, then confirm when portability permits the start | An offer letter by itself does not authorize work |
| You are still searching | Track the shorter of 60 days and the I-94/petition end date; evaluate another status or qualifying filing | The grace period is not an automatic extension of H-1B employment |
| Your I-94 ends in fewer than 60 days | Treat the I-94 end date as the urgent deadline and arrange filing or departure planning | You can use the unused portion of a 60-day period after the I-94 expires |
| The employer disputes the end date or final wages | Get written clarification, preserve pay records and review DOL requirements | A “temporary layoff” and a bona fide termination have identical consequences |
Make a dated checklist, set reminders several days before each deadline and keep proof of every filing. That administrative discipline cannot create eligibility, but it reduces the risk of missing a route that was otherwise available.
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