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XRP circulating supply is an estimate of the XRP that a data provider considers available in the market under its own wallet-classification rules. Total supply is the XRP that has been created and still exists after small reductions from burned transaction fees. The two figures are not interchangeable: escrowed XRP is issued XRP, but it is generally excluded from circulating supply while locked.

XRP began with 100 billion units. That is the initial issuance, not a promise that today’s total supply remains exactly 100 billion or that all of it counts as circulating. Always read a supply number with its publisher, methodology and date.

The four XRP supply terms you need to separate

Supply pages often place several labels next to one another. Each answers a different question, so substituting one for another can make a market-capitalization figure look more precise than it is.

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Initial supply: how much was created at launch

The XRP Ledger documentation describes 100 billion XRP as created at launch. This is a historical issuance figure: it tells you how many units were originally created, not how many are currently circulating or still exist.

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It is better described as a fixed initial issuance than as a current balance. XRP transaction fees are destroyed by the ledger, so the amount remaining can become slightly lower over time.

Total supply: issued XRP that remains

In common market-data usage, total supply means the XRP already issued and still existing after destroyed units are removed. The fee-burning explanation from CoinGecko’s XRP guide is why the remaining amount can differ slightly from the original 100 billion.

Total supply can include XRP held by Ripple, exchanges, individuals and escrow accounts. It is a count of existing units, not a judgment that every unit is immediately available to trade.

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Circulating supply: a provider’s availability estimate

Circulating supply is not a single universally determined ledger field. It is a data provider’s estimate of the XRP it regards as in circulation after excluding wallets or balances it classifies as uncirculated.

CoinGecko states its formula as Circulating Supply = Total Supply - Uncirculated Wallets and explicitly excludes escrowed funds from circulation. Another provider may classify company-held, foundation-controlled, exchange, vesting or other wallets differently. Therefore a circulating figure should always be quoted with the provider and the date.

Maximum supply: a cap concept, not today’s balance

Maximum supply describes a supply limit or issuance ceiling. It should not be used as a synonym for current total supply. The sources establish the original 100 billion XRP issuance and ongoing fee burning; they do not support claiming that the current remaining total is exactly 100 billion.

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Why escrowed XRP changes the interpretation

Escrow is XRP locked in on-ledger arrangements with conditions and timing rules. The units are already part of issued XRP; escrow does not create a second batch of tokens. When an escrow releases XRP, its availability and classification can change, while the historical amount originally created does not.

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The 2017 escrow arrangement

In a December 16, 2017 explanation, Ripple said it placed 55 billion XRP—55% of the total possible supply at that time—into a series of on-ledger escrows to make the amount that could enter circulation more predictable. The explanation described scheduled monthly releases and the possibility of returning unused XRP to new escrow. Read the original statement by David Schwartz, then Ripple’s chief technology officer, in Ripple’s escrow explanation.

That 55-billion figure describes the original arrangement. It must not be presented as the current escrow balance. The XRPL overview also records the 2017 placement and explains XRP’s role as the ledger’s native asset at XRPL.org.

Why escrow is usually absent from circulating supply

Escrowed XRP remains visible on the ledger, but it is subject to release conditions and is not freely available in the same way as an unrestricted wallet balance. CoinGecko’s methodology therefore excludes escrowed funds when calculating circulating supply. A provider that uses different wallet rules can publish a different result without either number being a claim about a different token.

Ripple’s June 30, 2026 disclosure is not a live circulation number

Ripple’s XRP page reports its own categories at the end of each quarter. Its snapshot as of June 30, 2026 lists:

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Ripple-reported category XRP amount What the figure means
Held by Ripple 37,656,053,914 XRP Ripple’s reported holdings in its wallets at that quarter-end date
Distributed 62,329,587,596 XRP Ripple’s reported amount distributed outside the “held by Ripple” category
Placed in escrow 32,600,000,000 XRP XRP Ripple reported as subject to on-ledger escrow at that snapshot

These are Ripple’s disclosure categories, not a standalone real-time circulating-supply estimate. Ripple’s page distinguishes XRP available in its wallets from XRP subject to on-ledger escrow, while a market-data vendor may use a separate wallet-classification model. Do not add or subtract the rows casually to recreate a provider’s circulating figure. The dated disclosure is available on Ripple’s XRP page.

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How total supply and circulating supply relate

Think of total supply as the inventory of XRP that still exists and circulating supply as the portion a publisher considers available to the market. The relationship is conceptual rather than a universal on-chain subtraction because “uncirculated” depends on classification rules.

Measure Question it answers Typical inclusions or exclusions Important qualification
Initial supply How much XRP was created at launch? 100 billion XRP Historical issuance; not a current balance
Total supply How much issued XRP still exists? Existing XRP after burned transaction fees Can include escrow and restricted holdings
Circulating supply How much XRP does this provider count as circulating? Total supply less wallets or balances classified as uncirculated; CoinGecko excludes escrow Methodology, wallet labels and date matter
Maximum supply Is there an issuance cap or ceiling? A cap concept rather than a live wallet balance Do not substitute it for current total supply
Escrow Which issued XRP is locked under ledger conditions? On-ledger XRP awaiting release conditions Already issued; release changes availability, not original issuance

Why two websites can show different circulating supplies

A disagreement is not automatically a data error. Compare the entries in this order before deciding that one is wrong.

  1. Identify the measure. Check whether each number is labeled circulating, total, maximum, held, distributed or escrowed supply.
  2. Check the date and time basis. One page may update continuously while another reports a quarter-end snapshot. Ripple’s June 30, 2026 values are dated disclosures, not live estimates.
  3. Read wallet treatment. Look for explicit rules about escrow, Ripple-controlled wallets, exchange wallets, foundation or treasury balances and other restricted holdings.
  4. Find the publisher’s methodology. Use the calculation the provider states, not an assumption that every website counts the same addresses.
  5. Compare like with like. A circulating figure from one provider should not be compared directly with Ripple’s “held,” “distributed” or “escrow” categories as though they were identical fields.

CoinGecko’s documented method is one concrete example: it starts with total supply, subtracts wallets it classifies as uncirculated and excludes escrow. The reviewed sources do not establish that all providers classify every XRP wallet identically.

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How supply figures affect XRP market capitalization

The basic market-capitalization formula is:

Market capitalization = XRP price × supply measure used

The result depends on the supply measure. Multiplying the same XRP price by a provider’s circulating estimate produces a different market cap from multiplying it by total supply. Neither calculation should be presented as the one universal market-cap figure unless the supply basis is named.

When quoting or comparing market caps, include:

  • the data provider;
  • whether it uses circulating or total supply;
  • the timestamp or date;
  • any stated treatment of escrow and other restricted wallets.

This labeling matters especially when a site displays a live price beside a supply figure that was calculated or reviewed at a different time.

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What fee burning changes—and what it does not

Each XRP Ledger transaction destroys a small amount of XRP as a fee. Over time, those burns reduce the number of units that remain, so current total supply can be slightly below the initial 100 billion. The burn is not a new issuance mechanism and does not convert escrow into circulation.

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Fee burning also does not make the circulating number self-evident. A provider still has to decide which existing wallets count as uncirculated. The burn affects the total inventory; wallet classification affects the reported circulation estimate.

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A practical way to quote an XRP supply number accurately

Use a sentence that carries the necessary context instead of presenting an unqualified integer:

  • Name the measure: “circulating supply” or “total supply,” not merely “supply.”
  • Name the publisher: identify the site or organization that calculated or disclosed it.
  • Add the date: distinguish a live estimate from a quarter-end report.
  • State relevant methodology: for example, whether escrow is excluded.
  • Avoid false precision: do not combine Ripple’s categories with a vendor’s estimate unless the definitions are demonstrably the same.

A properly qualified statement might say that CoinGecko’s circulating-supply figure follows its published formula and excludes escrow, while Ripple separately reported its own holdings and escrow at June 30, 2026. That wording tells readers what the number represents without implying that all publishers use one standard.

Common mistakes and how to avoid them

Calling 100 billion the current circulating supply

The 100-billion figure is the initial XRP issuance. It does not account for fee destruction, escrow classification or other wallet treatment.

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Subtracting Ripple’s escrow row from 100 billion to get circulation

Ripple’s escrow disclosure and a market-data provider’s circulation methodology are different categories. A provider may also classify other wallets as uncirculated, so that subtraction cannot reproduce its number.

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Treating escrow as newly created XRP

Escrow locks already issued XRP. Release changes when the units may become available; it does not increase the original amount created.

Using a quarter-end company disclosure as a live market statistic

Ripple reports the figures on the last day of each quarter. A dated disclosure should remain dated when you cite it.

Assuming every provider’s circulating supply is identical

Circulating supply is methodology-based. Check the provider’s definitions and wallet treatment before comparing figures.

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What the available figures can and cannot tell you

The documented facts establish the initial issuance, the existence and purpose of escrow, the effect of fee burning and Ripple’s June 30, 2026 disclosure categories. They do not establish one permanently correct, real-time circulating number across every data service.

Consequently, supply figures are useful for understanding how a market-capitalization display was constructed, but they are not by themselves a price forecast or an investment recommendation. The informative question is always: which supply measure, from which publisher, calculated how, and on what date?

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