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Use ttk.Treeview to display a table in Tkinter. Set show="headings" for a plain rows-and-columns appearance, then add scrollbars and implement sorting, editing, or filtering in your application code as needed.
Does Tkinter have a table widget?
Tkinter’s standard themed widget for this job is ttk.Treeview. Python’s official documentation describes it as a widget that displays “a hierarchical collection of items.” It can show parent-and-child items, but configured with headings it works well as a conventional table with selectable rows. It is not a spreadsheet or a database table.
Here is a minimal table with three columns and two rows:
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from tkinter import ttk
root = tk.Tk()
columns = ("name", "city", "score")
tree = ttk.Treeview(root, columns=columns, show="headings", height=8)
for name, width in (("name", 180), ("city", 140), ("score", 90)):
tree.heading(name, text=name.title())
tree.column(name, width=width)
for row in [("Ari", "London", 92), ("Bo", "Leeds", 85)]:
tree.insert("", "end", values=row)
tree.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
root.mainloop()The columns tuple defines the data-column identifiers, and each inserted row’s values must follow that order. show="headings" hides Treeview’s special tree-label column, called #0, so only the named columns appear. The height value sets the number of visible rows, not a maximum number of stored records.
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How do I add scrollbars to a Tkinter table?
Connect each scrollbar to the corresponding Treeview view method, and connect the Treeview’s scroll callback back to the scrollbar. The following grid layout supports both vertical and horizontal scrolling while expanding with its parent window:
frame = ttk.Frame(root)
frame.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
frame.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
tree = ttk.Treeview(frame, columns=columns, show="headings")
ys = ttk.Scrollbar(frame, orient="vertical", command=tree.yview)
xs = ttk.Scrollbar(frame, orient="horizontal", command=tree.xview)
tree.configure(yscrollcommand=ys.set, xscrollcommand=xs.set)
tree.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
ys.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="ns")
xs.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky="ew")Keep the reciprocal connections: the scrollbar’s command lets it move the table, while yscrollcommand or xscrollcommand lets the table update the scrollbar position. Use horizontal scrolling when the combined column widths exceed the available window width.
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How do I sort a Treeview by clicking a column heading?
Treeview does not choose a sort order for your application. Attach a callback to each heading, sort the existing item IDs by that column’s value, then move those items into the new order. This example toggles ascending and descending order per column and treats the score column as numeric:
sort_state = {}
def sort_by(column):
descending = sort_state.get(column, False)
items = [(tree.set(iid, column), iid) for iid in tree.get_children("")]
if column == "score":
items.sort(key=lambda pair: int(pair[0]), reverse=descending)
else:
items.sort(key=lambda pair: pair[0].casefold(), reverse=descending)
for index, (_, iid) in enumerate(items):
tree.move(iid, "", index)
sort_state[column] = not descending
for column in columns:
tree.heading(column, command=lambda col=column: sort_by(col))The default values read from Treeview are strings. A plain text sort can therefore put 9,500 after 82,000. Convert numbers to the correct numeric type before comparing them; for dates or locale-formatted numbers, parse the actual data format rather than relying on string order. The example assumes integer scores; adapt conversion and handle invalid or empty values if your data permits them.
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How do I edit a Treeview row?
For a form-style editor, use <<TreeviewSelect>> to load the selected item into Tkinter input widgets. After validating the values, update the item with tree.item(iid, values=new_values). This approach is straightforward when users can select a row, edit its fields elsewhere in the window, and save the changes.
How do I edit a Treeview cell in place?
For spreadsheet-like in-place editing, create an Entry widget over the selected cell. Identify the row and displayed column from a double-click, retrieve that cell’s rectangle, and position the Entry there. On save, replace the matching value in the item’s values.
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def begin_edit(event):
iid = tree.identify_row(event.y)
displayed_column = tree.identify_column(event.x)
if not iid or not displayed_column:
return
# Map the displayed column identifier to a data-column position.
data_index = int(displayed_column.removeprefix("#")) - 1
if data_index < 0 or data_index >= len(columns):
return
column = columns[data_index]
box = tree.bbox(iid, column)
if not box:
return
x, y, width, height = box
values = list(tree.item(iid, "values"))
editor = ttk.Entry(tree)
editor.place(x=x, y=y, width=width, height=height)
editor.insert(0, values[data_index])
editor.focus_set()
def save(event=None):
values[data_index] = editor.get()
tree.item(iid, values=values)
editor.destroy()
def cancel(event=None):
editor.destroy()
editor.bind("<Return>", save)
editor.bind("<FocusOut>", save)
editor.bind("<Escape>", cancel)
tree.bind("<Double-1>", begin_edit)This mapping assumes the table displays only its named data columns with show="headings". If you show the tree column or reorder displayed columns, adjust the mapping to match the displayed layout. A cell without a visible rectangle—for example, one outside the viewport—cannot be overlaid, so the empty-rectangle check prevents an editor from being placed incorrectly. Add validation before saving if cells have required formats or domain rules.
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Keep the original records in a Python collection separate from the visible Treeview items. When the search text changes, clear the visible items and insert only matching records. This example searches all fields for a case-insensitive substring:
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rows = [("Ari", "London", 92), ("Bo", "Leeds", 85)]
query = tk.StringVar()
def refresh(*_):
needle = query.get().casefold()
tree.delete(*tree.get_children())
for row in rows:
if needle in " ".join(map(str, row)).casefold():
tree.insert("", "end", values=row)
query.trace_add("write", refresh)
search_box = ttk.Entry(root, textvariable=query)
search_box.pack(fill="x")
refresh()To search only selected fields, build the searchable text from those fields rather than joining the entire row. Change the predicate for prefix or exact matches. For large collections, repeated full-table rebuilding may make the interface feel unresponsive; the cited examples do not establish a dataset-size threshold, so measure with your own data and keep expensive work off the UI event path.
How do I style Treeview headings and rows?
Use ttk.Style for themed-widget appearance and Treeview tags for row-specific formatting. Ttk styling differs from classic Tk options such as fg and bg. Theme behavior can vary: Python Guides reports that Windows’ default vista theme ignores heading background colors in its example and switches to clam. Treat that as a theme-specific observation, not a universal rule, and verify the result on the operating systems and Tk themes you support.
Runtime version matters for newer visual options. The Python reference notes Treeview additions in Tk 9.0, including striped rows and frozen title columns or items, and in Tk 9.1, including rowheight and headingheight. Check the Tk runtime actually used by the Python installation before depending on those options.
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Choose based on how users interact with the data:
| Need | Treeview | Entry grid or another grid widget |
|---|---|---|
| Row selection and a conventional table view | Fits the standard-library approach; selection is built into the widget. | Requires implementing selection behavior if needed. |
| Always-editable cells | Requires custom in-cell editor logic; it is not built-in spreadsheet editing. | Often a better fit when each cell should behave like an input field. |
| Sorting and search | Attach callbacks and filtering logic in application code. | Depends on the grid component; verify its APIs and behavior. |
| Scrolling | Connect standard horizontal and vertical scrollbars to xview and yview. |
Depends on the chosen grid and its integration. |
Treeview is a sensible starting point for selectable rows and custom interactions without adding a package dependency. An Entry grid or third-party component may better suit spreadsheet-style editing. Python Guides mentions tksheet, and ttkbootstrap documents a Tableview wrapper with sorting, search, and pagination; neither is part of Python’s standard library. Check a third-party project’s current compatibility, maintenance, and license before adopting it.
Version and example notes
The Python Guides tutorial, last modified September 22, 2026, reports running its examples with Python 3.12.5 and Tk 8.6.13 on Windows 11. That is the tutorial author’s reported environment, not an independent guarantee that every example here works unchanged on every platform or runtime. The fundamental Treeview, heading, item, and scrollbar APIs are documented by Python; newer Tk-specific options should be checked against the runtime in use.
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