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Sweden is not launching an e-krona. The Riksbank has finished its technical pilot, but no Swedish issuance has been approved or scheduled. In its 2026 Payments Report, the central bank proposed an inquiry into legal changes that could make an e-krona possible within a reasonable time if the Riksdag later authorises one.
The immediate reason for the renewed work is the European Central Bank’s digital-euro project. The ECB moved beyond its preparation phase in October 2025, making the future of a large, cross-border public digital currency a more important strategic question for Sweden.
What Sweden has—and has not—decided
Sweden has no live digital krona for consumers, and the Riksbank has not received political authorisation to issue one. The proposed inquiry would examine legislative readiness, not approve a currency. Any eventual launch would require a decision by Sweden’s elected institutions and amendments to the legal framework governing payments and central-bank money.
The Riksbank’s earlier assessment was cautious. Sweden’s 2023 Payments Inquiry found insufficient societal need at that time for an e-krona. It also recognised that rapid economic, political and technological changes could alter that conclusion. The ECB’s advancing project is the change now prompting the Riksbank to revisit the question.
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What the e-krona would be intended to do
An e-krona would be digital Swedish central-bank money. It would sit alongside physical cash and privately issued bank money rather than replace either one. The Riksbank says the purpose would include preserving public access to state-issued money as everyday payments become more digital, while strengthening the resilience of Sweden’s payment infrastructure.
The central bank’s stated position is unambiguous: “The e-krona would not replace cash but would complement it.” Cash would therefore remain available even if Sweden eventually introduced a digital form of the krona.
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The pilot was research, not a rollout
The Riksbank began its e-krona pilot in 2019 and completed it in 2023. The work used an isolated test environment to investigate a possible technical design, including security, performance, legal questions and practical design choices. It increased the bank’s knowledge but did not create a public currency, open consumer accounts or establish a launch date.
Why the digital euro changes the calculation
The digital euro would be issued within the euro-area framework, so Sweden could not determine its timetable. Nevertheless, its possible arrival could affect the competitiveness of the krona and the payment systems used by Swedish households and businesses. A widely accepted European public digital payment instrument could influence how people pay, how merchants connect to payment networks and how much strategic autonomy national systems retain.
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That is why the Riksbank is focusing first on legal and institutional preparedness. Examining the rules now would leave Sweden better positioned to respond if the digital-euro project proceeds, without committing the country to issue an e-krona.
Digital euro: current timetable and conditions
The ECB’s formal preparation phase ran from November 2023 through October 2025. In October 2025, its Governing Council moved the project into the next phase. That decision advances development and testing; it is not an issuance decision.
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A first issuance in 2029 is a possibility, but only if European Union lawmakers adopt the required regulation in 2026. Negotiations are still under way. The Council adopted its position on 19 December 2025, and the European Parliament adopted its position on 9 July 2026. Those positions preceded trilogue negotiations among the EU institutions.
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| Issue | Possible e-krona | Digital euro |
|---|---|---|
| Issuer and authority | Riksbank, subject to authorisation by the Swedish Riksdag and Swedish legal changes | European Central Bank, under legislation adopted by the EU co-legislators |
| Current status | Technical pilot completed in 2023; Sweden is considering legal preparedness | Preparation phase completed in October 2025; project has entered its next phase |
| What unlocks issuance | A Swedish political decision and the necessary national legislation | Adoption of the required EU regulation |
| Monetary role | Digital Swedish central-bank money designed to complement cash and bank money | Digital public money for the euro area, with its final operating framework dependent on EU legislation |
| Strategic objective | Maintain access to state money and support resilient Swedish payments | Provide a common European public payment option and reinforce the euro area’s payment and strategic autonomy |
What happens next in Sweden
- Inquiry and legal review: Sweden would examine which statutes and institutional arrangements would need to change to permit an e-krona.
- Political consideration: The Riksdag would have to decide whether there is a sufficient public, economic and strategic case for issuance.
- Design and implementation choices: Only after authorisation could the Riksbank turn lessons from its pilot into a deployable system, including decisions about access, security, privacy, offline resilience and relationships with banks and payment providers.
- Separate European decision: In parallel, the EU must complete its digital-euro legislation before the ECB can issue the currency.
What the 2029 date does—and does not—mean
For readers asking when a digital euro will arrive, 2029 is a conditional target rather than a promised launch. It depends on legislation being adopted in 2026 and on the subsequent technical and institutional work. Sweden’s position is even less definite: there is no announced e-krona launch year because the country has not yet authorised issuance.
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Practical answers to the main questions
Is Sweden bringing back the e-krona?
There was never a public e-krona to bring back. Sweden is reopening the policy and legal question after completing its pilot, while monitoring the digital euro.
Will a digital euro force Sweden to create an e-krona?
No. The digital euro may change Sweden’s strategic environment, but it cannot compel the Riksdag or the Riksbank to issue a national currency. Sweden would still need its own political authorisation and legal framework.
Would an e-krona eliminate cash?
No. The Riksbank explicitly describes it as a complement to cash, not a replacement.
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