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Speakers at a Consumer and Civic Action Group (CAG) workshop in Chennai have urged India’s Central government to create a dedicated solar-panel recycling policy and an environmental-law framework. India’s existing E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 already cover photovoltaic modules, panels and cells, but the workshop focused on whether those rules are producing safe dismantling, collection and material recovery in practice.
What the Chennai workshop called for
The Hindu reported on 15 October 2026 that workshop participants wanted solar waste handled under an exclusive policy comparable to India’s broader e-waste framework. Swati Singh Sambyal, principal expert (Pollution) at GRID-Arendal, linked the urgency to India’s 280 GW solar-energy target. That figure is a target cited by Sambyal, not a measurement of installed capacity.
Her criticism was directed at implementation rather than the absence of any legal coverage. She said extended producer responsibility had not yet delivered safe dismantling and a functioning circular economy for photovoltaic equipment, and argued that a stronger environmental-law framework is needed.
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Solar modules contain recoverable materials, but damaged or retired panels must be collected, stored and dismantled under controlled conditions. As more installations eventually reach replacement or end-of-life, weak tracking or informal handling could leave valuable materials unrecovered and increase environmental risks.
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What India’s current rules require
The E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 expressly include solar photovoltaic modules, panels and cells. Government guidance and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) procedures place several duties on producers and recyclers.
| Area | Current requirement |
|---|---|
| Effective date | The rules took effect on 1 April 2023. |
| Producer registration | Manufacturers and producers must register on the CPCB EPR portal. |
| Inventory | Registered producers must maintain a distinct inventory for covered solar photovoltaic waste. |
| Storage | Solar PV waste generated through 2034-35 must be stored in line with CPCB guidance. |
| Reporting | Producers must file annual returns through the applicable system. |
| Operating procedures | Producers and recyclers must follow CPCB standard operating procedures and storage-and-handling guidance. |
| Material recovery | Solar PV recyclers must recover material as required by CPCB. |
The CPCB FAQ currently describes storage through 2034-35 as a rule requirement; it does not establish a separate solar-waste recycling target. The storage horizon should not be read as permission to abandon panels or postpone safe handling indefinitely.
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Who is responsible for old solar panels?
Manufacturers and producers
Producers are the main compliance actors under the current system. Their responsibilities include portal registration, maintaining a separate waste inventory, arranging compliant storage and submitting annual returns. They must also use the CPCB procedures that apply to collection and handling.
Recyclers
Recyclers are expected to register through the CPCB framework, follow the relevant operating procedures and recover materials according to CPCB requirements. A recycler’s ability to accept a panel should therefore be checked against its current registration and the type of waste it is authorized to process.
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Owners and installers
Households, businesses and site operators should not send damaged modules into ordinary mixed waste or dismantle them casually. They should keep records of the installer or producer, ask for an authorized take-back or recycling route and retain handover documentation. The rules place formal duties on producers and recyclers, but accurate information from owners helps maintain traceability.
How to handle a damaged or retired PV module
- Make the area safe. Isolate cracked, burned or electrically damaged modules from people and further physical impact. Do not break, drill or strip a panel to remove components.
- Record its identity. Photograph the module and note the manufacturer, model, serial number, installation site and reason for removal.
- Contact the responsible channel. Ask the installer, manufacturer or project operator for a take-back or compliant waste route under the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022.
- Verify the recycler. Check the recycler’s listing and applicable procedures on the CPCB EPR portal before releasing the module.
- Arrange controlled transport. Confirm packaging, loading and destination requirements with the registered recycler; avoid leaving panels exposed to weather or sending them through an untracked scrap chain.
- Keep proof of transfer. Retain collection receipts, transport records and recycler acknowledgements in case the producer or site operator must substantiate compliance.
For a fire-damaged or severely broken module, ask the responsible recycler how it wants the material packaged and transported before moving it. The correct procedure can depend on the condition of the panel and the recycler’s approved process.
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What the workshop says is missing
Safe dismantling and circularity
The speakers’ central concern was that formal extended producer responsibility has not demonstrably delivered safe dismantling at the scale implied by India’s solar ambitions. They called for rules that connect collection, dismantling and recovery rather than treating storage and paperwork as the endpoint.
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Syed Sultan of NST Hi-Tech Recycling said recycling potential is high but public familiarity with solar-waste handling is limited. The report attributes to him the observation that New Delhi was the only city doing a good job; this is a workshop comment, not an independently verified national ranking.
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Enforcement and transparency
A dedicated framework could clarify who pays for collection, how damaged modules move between sites, what recovery rates are expected and how regulators publish compliance data. Those questions remain important because the current rules emphasize registration, storage, reporting and CPCB procedures without a separate solar-specific recycling target.
Where to verify compliance information
The CPCB EPR portal is the practical starting point for checking the current rules, producer and recycler registration information, standard operating procedures and the “Guidelines for Storage and Handling of Waste Solar Photo-Voltaic Modules or Panels or Cells.” Portal notices and filing requirements can change, so producers, installers and waste holders should confirm the latest instructions before arranging a transfer.
What happens next
The Chennai workshop adds pressure for a stand-alone solar-recycling policy, but it does not itself change Indian law. Until the Central government issues a new framework, covered modules remain governed by the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 and CPCB directions. The immediate practical priority is to use registered channels, maintain records and prevent damaged or retired panels from entering untracked disposal routes.
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