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OpenClaw’s Gateway is the self-hosted process that connects chat channels, clients, nodes, and agent services. Its integrated agent runtime handles the work of an assistant—assembling prompts, running the agent loop and tools, managing sessions, and delivering replies. One Gateway can host multiple configured agents and route incoming messages to them, but separate workspaces do not make those agents isolated tenants.
What is OpenClaw’s Gateway?
The Gateway is OpenClaw’s central control plane and transport layer. An operator runs one Gateway process on a machine or server; clients and nodes connect to it, while it bridges messaging applications and agents. The OpenClaw overview describes this self-hosted architecture, and the Gateway protocol documentation describes WebSocket as the control-plane and node-transport connection.
Operator and node clients identify their role and scope during the WebSocket handshake. Agent tools running inside the Gateway dispatch through its router, which preserves method scopes and agent and approval authority, along with deadlines and cancellation. In practical terms, the Gateway coordinates connections and requests; it is not simply a chat window or a separate model provider.
What does the agent runtime do?
The agent runtime is the execution layer integrated with OpenClaw. It runs the built-in agent loop and wires together prompts, tools, sessions, and channel delivery. Its responsibilities also include model discovery and prompt assembly. This is distinct from work delegated to an external harness process: an externally run turn is not the same thing as the Gateway’s embedded runtime.
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An agent workspace supplies the working directory for tools and context, while bootstrap files can provide agent-specific setup. The agent runtime and workspace documentation describes this contract. A workspace is therefore an important part of an agent’s operating context, but it is not, by itself, a complete security boundary.
How does one Gateway handle multiple agents?
When no agents are configured, the default agent ID is main. Multi-agent configuration creates distinct agent scopes inside the same Gateway process. An agent can have its own workspace, agent directory, authentication profiles, model registry, and SQLite-backed session history. The multi-agent routing documentation explains how these configured agents and their routing fit together.
Sharing a Gateway means sharing the process and its infrastructure; it does not mean every agent must use the same workspace or session history. Conversely, distinct agent state does not prove that access between agents is blocked. Operators need to consider routing and permissions separately.
How bindings route inbound messages
A binding associates a channel account or other matching criteria with an agent. When a message arrives, the configured match determines which agent handles it. This lets one Gateway serve multiple channel accounts or agent roles without requiring a separate Gateway process for each one.
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Bindings answer “where should this message go?” They do not answer “who is authorized to read this transcript or invoke this tool?” An agent ID or session key is a routing choice, not an authorization token. In fleet configurations with explicit ownership, documentation notes that channels and services do not have an ambient default agent, so ownership and bindings need to be configured deliberately.
Does a separate workspace isolate an agent?
No. OpenClaw’s security guidance says a Gateway is not intended to serve adversarial tenants. Its documented defaults allow cross-agent session visibility and agent-to-agent access; consequently, a tool-enabled agent that is not sandboxed may be able to reach other agents’ sessions. A workspace helps organize an agent’s files and context, but it should not be treated as a guarantee that another agent cannot access them.
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Review the actual access paths: who can read session transcripts, which tools each agent may invoke, whether sandboxing constrains file or process access, and which agents may communicate. Routing rules decide assignment; authorization and execution controls determine access. The Gateway security trust model describes the relevant boundaries and cautions.
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Controls to review within a shared Gateway
- Limit session visibility where agents should not be able to inspect other agents’ histories.
- Restrict the allowed agent pairs and disable ordinary cross-agent access when it is not needed.
- Apply per-agent sandbox and tool policies that match the files, processes, and capabilities each agent requires.
- Check that the effective configuration and agent ownership match the intended trust model; do not infer isolation from separate workspaces or routing bindings alone.
These are controls to configure and verify, not an automatic guarantee of tenant isolation. Configuration defaults and security behavior can change, so consult the linked OpenClaw documentation for the version in use.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.One Gateway with multiple agents or separate Gateways?
The choice is primarily an operational and trust-boundary decision. A shared Gateway is convenient when agents can reasonably share an operator-managed control plane and infrastructure. Separate Gateways are the clearer choice when different trust levels require a stronger boundary.
| Consideration | One Gateway, multiple agents | Separate Gateways |
|---|---|---|
| Operations | One Gateway process and shared infrastructure for configured agents. | More than one Gateway process and separately managed infrastructure. |
| Agent state and credentials | Agents can have distinct workspaces, agent directories, authentication profiles, model registries, and SQLite-backed session histories; shared-process access still needs review. | Gateway separation provides a stronger division of process and associated state, subject to each deployment’s configuration. |
| Trust boundary | Requires deliberate session-visibility, agent-access, sandbox, and tool policies; not intended as an adversarial multi-tenant boundary. | Recommended by the security model when strict separation is needed across different trust levels. |
The comparison follows OpenClaw’s multi-agent routing guidance and security trust model. A separate Gateway is not a substitute for sound configuration, but it avoids relying on workspace separation inside one shared process as the trust boundary.
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