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If an AI agent’s decision is challenged later, ordinary logs can show what the system recorded—but an editable log may not prove that its contents stayed unchanged. NoireBox is Sam Labbe’s open-source software project for recording agent events in a cryptographically tamper-evident journal, with external timestamping and portable verification as parts of its evidence model.
What NoireBox is—and what it is not
NoireBox is software, not a physical flight recorder. The project describes distribution as a Python package, source code, and Docker image, with REST, Python SDK, and MCP integration paths. Its journal is intended to preserve a verifiable event history for AI-agent activity.
Labbe frames the underlying question as: “If someone contests a decision made by an AI agent tomorrow, who can prove it?” His distinction is that “Debugging and proving are different jobs.” Logs and observability tools can help teams inspect executions; NoireBox is aimed at making later alteration of a recorded history detectable. This is the project’s positioning, not proof that other observability products categorically lack audit capabilities.
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How the journal is designed to establish integrity
Hash chaining links events together
Each event is described as carrying a SHA-256 fingerprint that incorporates the previous event’s fingerprint. If an event is edited, inserted, or deleted, later links should no longer match when recalculated. A chain can reveal internal inconsistency, but by itself it does not prevent an operator with control of the record from rewriting the whole chain and recomputing its links.
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Signatures and an external timestamp add witnesses
NoireBox describes Ed25519 signatures alongside the hash chain. It can also use an external RFC 3161 timestamp authority (TSA) to timestamp a chain-head fingerprint. If someone later presents a rewritten history, an auditor can compare it with the earlier externally witnessed chain head. The repository also lists qualified eIDAS timestamp authorities, public TSAs, and OpenTimestamps/Bitcoin as possible external witnesses. These are project-documented options; they should not be assumed to provide equivalent legal effect.
An export and verifier support an outside check
The project’s intended workflow includes exporting a journal and having an auditor or client recompute its integrity proof independently, rather than relying only on the product dashboard. The repository says the auditing machine must have the NoireBox package installed to run the verifier. Independent recomputation can help establish whether the exported record matches its cryptographic proof; it cannot independently establish that the original events were true or complete.
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What changes when many agents are involved?
The project describes each NoireBox instance as one SQLite file, key pair, and event chain. For fleet anchoring, it aggregates 32-byte chain heads in a Merkle tree and timestamps a seal for the batch. Journals remain on their originating infrastructure; the fleet layer is described as sealing a batch without moving the event journals themselves. Local inclusion proofs are intended to show that an individual chain head belongs to the anchored batch.
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Where the optional guardrail fits
The journal is the core product. NoireBox also includes an optional guardrail for detecting prompt-injection risks, and the project says existing guardrails can submit their verdicts as journal events. Prevention and evidence serve different purposes: a detector may flag or block a risky input, while a journal records what was submitted or decided. Recording a verdict does not establish that the detector catches every attack.
What the project reports about performance and testing
Labbe’s 2026 article reports 0.21 ms to seal one event, including hashing, signing, and commit, and 22 ms to verify 100 events. The article says the sealing figure is reproducible via the project specification, but the figures are project-reported rather than independently benchmarked here.
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The same article reports French and English bundled detectors sized at 293 KB and 243 KB, respectively, and says 12 of 12 held-out attack sentences were detected. That small test result should not be read as broad evidence of attack coverage. It also reports 91 green CI tests; a passing test count is not a security certification. The repository cautions that its template-sharing test sets measure consistency rather than generalization, and notes that a weakness found in the English suite led to dataset changes.
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| Need | What to evaluate |
|---|---|
| Debugging and observability | Trace visibility, latency and cost inspection, prompt and output review, and fit with the development stack. |
| Tamper-evident evidence | Append-only behavior, cryptographic chaining and signatures, external time anchoring, exportability, and independent verification. |
| Prevention | Whether prompt-injection or policy detection happens before or during execution; this is distinct from proving what was recorded afterward. |
| Operational trust | Who controls signing keys, whether timestamping is external or self-hosted, what payload data leaves the environment, and who can verify an export. |
| Compliance use | Applicable legal requirements, retention obligations, data minimization, and whether the resulting evidence is adequate for the system and role. |
NoireBox’s README maps selected GDPR and EU AI Act provisions to project features, and the article also invokes ISO 42001 in discussing traceability. Treat those as the project’s own mapping, not legal advice or confirmation that installing the software makes a system compliant. Requirements depend on the system, role, and jurisdiction.
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The trust boundary: integrity is not truth
A cryptographic journal can support a claim that a record has not changed since an external anchor. It does not prove that every relevant event was captured, that the event data was truthful, or that a recorded decision was interpreted correctly. Nor does a journal determine whether collecting or retaining particular payloads is lawful.
The repository calls NoireBox “a building block, not a certification” and assigns data minimization and HSM-grade key protection to the deploying organization. In practice, an organization considering this approach still needs to decide what to record, protect signing keys, choose and assess its timestamping arrangement, and determine whether the evidence meets its audit and legal needs.
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