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A Next.js login redirect loop happens when successive routing or authentication checks send a request back and forth between URLs—for example, a protected page sends you to /login, then a rule on the login page sends you back to the protected page. Find the exact transition that repeats, then fix the condition, cookie check, or route scope responsible.
In Next.js 16, Middleware is called Proxy; the functionality remains the same. In Next.js 15 and earlier, check the documentation and file convention for your version. This guide uses “Proxy” for the current name and “Middleware” where it helps identify older projects.
Trace the redirect loop before changing code
Start with the browser’s full redirect chain. For every request, note the URL, HTTP status, and whether the expected session cookie was sent. A loop is a cycle in the application’s routing decisions: a destination request encounters another redirect rule and is sent back into the cycle. It is not, by itself, a special Next.js diagnosis.
- Open your browser’s developer tools and select the Network panel. Enable preservation of the log across page loads, then reproduce the login problem.
- Follow the document requests in order. Record each requested URL and response status, including redirects to and from
/login. - Check the request headers for the session cookie your application expects. Do not share session-cookie values; they can grant access to an account.
- Identify the first transition into
/login, then the next transition out. Find the rule responsible for each instead of changing every redirect at once.
The redirect chain is the key evidence: it shows whether the cycle begins in a configured redirect, Proxy/Middleware, or code that runs after the request reaches a page or handler.
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Check redirect layers in execution order
Next.js applies redirects in more than one place. In the documented routing order, redirects configured in next.config.js run before Proxy, and Proxy runs before route rendering. A request can therefore be redirected before it reaches the Proxy branch you are inspecting.
| Redirect layer | Best suited for | What to inspect |
|---|---|---|
next.config.js redirects() |
Known path-based redirects and conditions based on headers, cookies, or query values. | Source and destination, conditions, and whether the configured redirect is temporary (307) or permanent (308). It runs before Proxy. |
| Middleware / Proxy | Request-dependent decisions, such as an optimistic authentication check. | Matcher scope, public/protected route conditions, session-cookie handling, and redirect destination. |
redirect() in rendering or handlers |
Redirects from Server or Client Components, Route Handlers, and Server Functions. | Whether a page or handler redirects after Proxy lets the request through. The API’s behavior depends on context: it documents 307 for ordinary use, 303 in a Server Action, and meta-tag redirect behavior while streaming. |
For a known URL change, inspect next.config.js first. For an authentication decision based on the incoming request, inspect Proxy/Middleware. If both allow the request, look for a later redirect in the rendered page or handler. See the redirects configuration reference, Proxy reference, and redirect function reference.
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Make sure login and other public routes can pass the auth check
The official authentication example separates public routes from protected routes. It redirects an unauthenticated request for a protected route to /login; it can also send an authenticated visitor who opens a public route to /dashboard. A cycle can result if the login page is treated as protected, or if a rule for public routes sends a visitor back to the same login URL.
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- Confirm that
/loginand any other pages intended to be public are excluded from the unauthenticated redirect. - Check the authenticated-user rule separately. If it redirects a signed-in visitor to a dashboard, verify that the dashboard does not match a rule that sends the visitor back to login.
- Compare the actual destination and source paths, including locale prefixes, trailing slashes, and query parameters if your rules use them.
Next.js documents Proxy as suitable for optimistic checks, not as a complete session-management or authorization solution. Perform the majority of security checks close to the data source rather than relying on Proxy as the only protection. See the Next.js authentication guide.
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Verify the session cookie your redirect logic expects
If the request reaches the unauthenticated branch every time, check whether the browser sends the expected session cookie and whether your code recognizes it. The Next.js authentication guide demonstrates reading a session cookie in Proxy and using the resulting session to decide whether to redirect. A missing cookie, a different cookie name, or a session check that does not recognize the cookie can make the unauthenticated redirect run repeatedly; these are possibilities to investigate, not a diagnosis of your app.
- Compare the cookie name in the browser request with the name your code reads.
- Check that the cookie is present on the request to the protected path, not merely visible in storage for another host or path.
- Inspect the code that reads or decrypts the session and the condition that decides whether the request is authenticated.
- Use a fresh browser session to test the unauthenticated path, and a valid signed-in session to test the authenticated path.
A redirect loop alone does not reveal whether the problem is cookie scope, session interpretation, or a different rule. The request headers and the code branch that fires distinguish these cases.
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Review matcher scope and the project’s Next.js version
The matcher controls which requests invoke Proxy. If it includes login routes unintentionally, an auth redirect can intercept a page that should be public. Review both the matcher and the explicit route conditions; neither should send the login request into a protected-route redirect.
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Test both sides of the authentication decision
After identifying and correcting the condition that creates the cycle, test the two paths that commonly interact:
- Unauthenticated: opening a protected page should reach login, and login should render without being redirected back into the protected check.
- Authenticated: opening a public route should follow the intended signed-in behavior, and the destination should not trigger a redirect back to login.
If the chain still cycles, capture it again and locate the first transition that differs from the expected flow. Recheck the config redirect, Proxy/Middleware branch, and any later page or handler redirect in that order.
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