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Yes. A microbiome is not just bacteria: it includes fungi, viruses, other microbes and their genes. The fungal community within a microbiome is called the mycobiome; researchers study how it varies across the body and how it may interact with people and other microbes. Its health effects are still being investigated, so a fungal finding alone does not show that a person is ill or needs treatment.

What does “mycobiome” mean?

The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences defines the microbiome as “the collection of all microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and their genes, that naturally live on our bodies and inside us.” NIEHS’s microbiome overview makes clear that fungi belong in the picture alongside bacteria and viruses.

Mycobiome means the fungal component of a microbiome. Mycobiota commonly refers to the fungal organisms in that community. Researchers’ terminology can vary between papers, but both terms concern fungi associated with a particular environment, such as a body site. A 2024 review describes fungi and viruses as microbes that received less attention in microbiome research until recently. Iyer and Ojcius, “Unveiling the mycobiota: The fungal frontier of human health”.

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Are fungi part of the gut microbiome?

Yes. Human-associated fungi are found in the gut as well as at other body sites, including the skin, mouth and lungs. These communities are not interchangeable: each body site is a different ecological niche, and its fungal community should be considered in that context. A finding from the gut cannot automatically describe fungi elsewhere in the body.

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Researchers examine how fungi interact with the host and with bacteria and other microbes. Reviews of human mycobiota discuss variation between body sites and the methods used to study these communities. “Forgotten fungi: the importance of fungi in gut microbiota studies” provides background on those themes.

Do gut fungi affect health?

That is an active research question, not a settled clinical answer. Reviews describe possible links between fungi and health, along with biological mechanisms that could help explain them. But an association does not establish that a fungal change causes a disease. Nor does a plausible mechanism show that changing someone’s fungal community would improve their health.

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A 2024 review of intestinal fungal-host interactions considers possible roles in health, while emphasizing a field still building its evidence. “Intestinal fungal-host interactions in promoting and maintaining health”. Findings need to be interpreted in light of where samples came from, how fungi were detected, who was studied, and whether the evidence shows an association or a demonstrated effect in people.

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Can a mycobiome be called healthy or unhealthy?

There is no simple, universal fungal profile that defines a healthy person. The broader idea of a single “healthy human microbiome” remains controversial, and mycobiome research also faces challenges in methods and standardization. The 2024 review “Examining the healthy human microbiome concept” discusses why the concept is not straightforward.

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Because results depend on the body site and the methods used, a difference from one study’s results does not by itself mean that someone’s community is unhealthy. The evidence cited here does not establish that a consumer test can diagnose an unhealthy mycobiome or identify a fungal imbalance that needs correcting.

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Should you try to change your gut fungi?

The reviews discussed here do not establish a specific consumer treatment or product for modifying an individual’s mycobiome. Early findings about fungal communities are not, on their own, a reason to take a supplement, use a test, or attempt to change the gut microbiome. Questions about symptoms or treatment belong in a conversation with a qualified health professional, who can consider the person’s clinical situation rather than infer a diagnosis from a microbiome result.

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