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For Laravel 13, a read-through disk can send new writes to S3 while continuing to serve files that remain on the old local disk. Configure S3 as the primary disk and local storage as the fallback, then choose whether cold files should migrate on demand or through an explicit bulk transfer. This supports a no-planned-downtime rollout, but it is not a guarantee against every concurrent-write race or cutover failure.
How Laravel’s read-through disk handles the transition
Laravel 13 documents a read-through filesystem driver that combines a primary disk with a fallback disk. During migration, set S3 as primary and the existing local disk as fallback. Reads check S3 first; if a requested object is found only on local storage, Laravel can promote it to S3 for later reads. Writes and directory listings target the primary disk.
Laravel describes the feature as allowing files to be migrated between disks “without downtime.” Treat that as a migration approach, not an assurance that every application can switch stores without operational risk. The documented promotion behavior has a residual race for mutable paths, and URL, visibility, and application-specific access behavior still need verification. See Laravel 13’s filesystem documentation and its read-through migration article.
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Inventory the current storage behavior
Identify the actual disk and root used by uploads, whether objects are public or private, and how the application stores file paths. Laravel resolves local file operations relative to the configured disk root. Keeping the same relative paths on S3 helps existing database references continue to resolve.
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For public local files, Laravel commonly uses storage/app/public and exposes it through the public/storage symbolic link. S3 URL behavior is different, so do not assume that an old local URL or visibility setting will work unchanged after migration.
Configure and verify S3
Laravel’s S3 filesystem driver requires the Flysystem S3 adapter package, league/flysystem-aws-s3-v3. Configure the bucket, region, and credentials in the application’s filesystem configuration and verify access before changing application traffic. For an S3-compatible provider, configure its endpoint and credentials according to that provider’s current instructions.
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Add a read-through disk
The configuration shape documented by Laravel is:
'assets' => [
'driver' => 'read-through',
'primary' => 's3',
'fallback' => 'legacy-local',
],Replace the example names with disks configured in your application. Laravel also permits disk names or inline disk configuration arrays for the primary and fallback. Switch the application to this composite disk only after both underlying disks are reachable.
Route uploads and file access through the composite disk
Once the composite disk is active, new writes go to S3. Check application code for explicit references to the old disk: a call that still names local can bypass the composite disk entirely. Route those upload and file operations through the intended disk or the application’s configured default.
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Laravel’s uploaded-file store method accepts a disk name and returns a path relative to that disk’s root. The Laravel request documentation describes uploaded-file storage. Verify that the returned relative path remains compatible with how the application records and later retrieves uploads.
Also verify URL generation, visibility, and access control for representative public and private files. Laravel documents different URL behavior for local and S3 disks; confirm any custom host, CDN, or bucket-access assumptions before relying on old links.
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Choose how to transfer files still on local storage
| Approach | When transfer happens | Cold files | Source behavior |
|---|---|---|---|
| Read-through promotion | When a qualifying read requests a fallback-only file | Remain on fallback until read | Promotes a fallback file to primary; subsequent reads use primary |
| Explicit bulk transfer | When a migration worker or operator processes each path | Can be transferred without a user read | copyToDisk retains the source; moveToDisk removes it after a successful move |
Use lazy promotion for files accessed over time
Read-through promotion can migrate active files gradually as users request them. It does not proactively find or transfer files that nobody reads. Also, the composite disk’s directory listings show primary-store state only, so they are not a complete inventory of files remaining on local storage.
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For a bulk pass, enumerate the fallback disk directly. Before transferring each path, check whether the destination already has it, so the job does not redundantly copy or overwrite an existing object. Use copyToDisk if the local source must remain available; use moveToDisk only when removing the source is intended.
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Laravel supports using the source path as the destination path or specifying a different destination path. For example:
Storage::disk('local')->copyToDisk('s3', 'reports/report.csv');
Storage::disk('local')->moveToDisk(
's3',
'reports/report.csv',
'archive/report.csv'
);The move example sends the file to a different path on S3. Check error handling and source-cleanup behavior for the Laravel release used by your application. Laravel’s migration article notes that a failed fallback cleanup during a read-through move can surface as an UnableToMoveFile error.
Understand the failure and concurrency cases
- A primary failure is not general fallback failover. Laravel’s migration article says failures while checking or reading the primary remain primary failures rather than triggering a fallback read. Do not treat the local disk as an automatic backup for an S3 outage.
- Metadata checks do not promote files. Operations such as
exists, metadata checks, and visibility checks inspect primary and then fallback without migrating the file. - Promotion can race with concurrent writes. The read-through flow checks the primary again before promotion, but that final check and the write are separate operations. A concurrent overwrite can still race with promotion. Immutable or versioned keys, or coordination of writes during migration, reduce the risk.
- After promotion, local-only changes are hidden. Once a path has been promoted, later reads use the primary copy. Changes made only to the fallback copy will not appear through that path.
- Promotion failure handling is configurable. By default, a promotion failure does not fail the read. Set
throw_on_promotion_failuretotrueif such failures should throw, and decide how the application will monitor and remediate them.
Retire local storage only after checking the full inventory
Do not infer migration completion from the fact that recent reads succeed: cold files may still exist only on the fallback. Before removing that disk, confirm that the fallback inventory has been processed, destination objects are readable with the expected metadata and visibility, application references resolve, and no process still writes to the old store. These checks are operational safeguards based on the documented routing and listing behavior, not a universal retirement procedure prescribed by Laravel.
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