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When a Midnight transaction’s guaranteed portion succeeds but its fallible portion fails, the result is a documented partial success—not simply a transaction-wide revert. The guaranteed work can take effect, and the fee for the whole transaction is collected during the guaranteed phase. A transaction rejected before it reaches a block pays no fee.
What “guaranteed” and “fallible” mean in a Midnight transaction
The Midnight.js API Reference v4.0.4 describes three transaction outcomes:
SucceedEntirely: all segments succeed.FailFallible: the guaranteed portion succeeds, but the fallible portion fails.FailEntirely: the transaction is invalid.
In other words, “partial success” refers to the outcome of the transaction’s segments: guaranteed work succeeded even though fallible work did not. It does not mean the fee is charged only for the successful portion. The API’s outcome labels are documented in the Midnight.js API reference.
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Midnight’s fee guide says the fee for the whole transaction is collected during the guaranteed phase. If the transaction reaches a block and its guaranteed phase is processed, a later failure in the fallible portion does not undo that collection. For the documented outcome, the indexer reports PARTIAL_SUCCESS while the declared fee is still removed.
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The boundary that matters is whether the transaction reached a block. A transaction rejected before block inclusion pays nothing; a fallible-phase failure after the guaranteed phase has processed does not receive a fee refund. The DUST fee guide describes these cases. The documentation does not establish a single fee consequence for every possible cause of FailEntirely, so that label alone is not enough to infer whether a fee was collected.
How transaction outcome and state relate
Midnight.js describes a flow that includes local circuit execution, proof generation, transaction balancing, network submission, and waiting for finalization. At a conceptual level, Midnight says users compute on private data locally and submit zero-knowledge proofs; intended public outputs go on-chain, while private state updates remain in users’ local storage. A transaction’s state effects therefore should not be assumed to expose private inputs or write private state to public chain data. See What is Midnight? for the high-level model.
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The documented FailFallible result establishes that guaranteed work succeeded while fallible work failed. It does not, by itself, specify rollback behavior for every combination of actions, contract, or runtime. For a particular application, use the semantics documented for the ledger/runtime and version in use rather than treating every failure as a full revert.
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Midnight fees are paid in DUST, which a wallet attaches when it balances a transaction. In the documented Midnight.js wallet flow, the wallet calls balanceTx; an application can ask the wallet to estimate the declared fee before sending. The amount is variable: it depends on transaction size, computation, state written, and a price the ledger adjusts after each block.
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The declared fee may include a configured feeBlocksMargin price margin and additionalFeeOverhead. For a fee paid through a DUST spend, the guide says there is no refund: the wallet’s DUST decreases by the whole declared amount. Initial registration works differently: the ledger deducts the required fee from the DUST that the NIGHT UTXO would have generated, and the remainder becomes the initial DUST UTXO value. Consult Managing DUST for transaction fees for the documented wallet and fee behavior.
NIGHT is not the fee token
NIGHT can generate DUST when registered, but NIGHT itself is not spent to use the network. DUST is the non-transferable resource used to pay fees. Midnight’s FAQ also says transactions are processed in validator-packed order, without a gas auction or price-priority mempool. Thus, a DUST fee should not be described as an ordinary bid paid in NIGHT. See the Midnight FAQ.
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Contract deployment and calls
The DUST guide says deployment incurs a fee, each contract call incurs its own fee, and the ledger charges nothing between calls. A deployed contract therefore has no recurring charge merely for remaining deployed.
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Midnight’s version 1 sponsorship guide documents a wallet-side pattern in which one wallet authorizes the contract action and a sponsor adds the fee offer and pays the DUST. The user’s transaction is bound before handoff, and the sponsor must not receive the user’s secret. This separates authorization from fee payment; it is not evidence that every wallet or deployment supports sponsorship. The guide directs developers to check its component support matrix: Sponsor transaction fees with DUST.
Quick Recap
How to interpret a failed transaction
- Check whether it reached a block. If it was rejected before block inclusion, the fee guide says no fee is paid.
- Read the reported outcome.
FailFalliblemeans guaranteed work succeeded and fallible work failed;SucceedEntirelymeans all segments succeeded;FailEntirelymeans the transaction is invalid. - Check the fee separately from the application result. For the documented partial-success case, the declared fee remains collected because collection occurs during the guaranteed phase.
- Inspect the wallet’s fee estimate and declared amount. The amount varies with resources used and the ledger-adjusted price, and can include configured margins or overhead.
- For other invalid outcomes or a specific runtime, consult its versioned semantics. The outcome label alone does not establish the fee consequence of every failure cause.
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