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To remove suspected malware from a memory card, save only the files you truly need, scan the computer that accessed the card, then format the card. Formatting erases everything on it. For SD-family cards, the SD Association recommends its formatter rather than a generic operating-system format tool. If the card is infected but the computer is not, formatting may be enough; if the computer remains compromised, it could put malware back on the card.

Before you format: decide what to do with the card’s files

Formatting is the simplest way to clear a memory card, but it destroys the card’s contents. If you do not need anything on it, skip file recovery and format it. If you do need files, avoid opening them or copying the entire card indiscriminately to another computer. Save only selected files and scan them with current security software before using them. A familiar file extension, such as one used by a photo, does not by itself prove a file is safe.

File recovery is not guaranteed. The cited guidance does not establish a safe method for preserving every file from a card that may contain malware, so weigh the value of the files against the risk of moving an infected file to another device.

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Scan the computer that accessed the card

A card can be formatted and then appear infected again if the computer is still compromised. On Windows, open Windows Security, go to Virus & threat protection, and check for security-intelligence updates. Then choose Scan options and run an appropriate scan. Microsoft says Windows Security uses security intelligence when scans run and provides options for more extensive or custom scans: Microsoft’s Windows Security guidance.

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A clean scan is useful, but it is not proof that every possible infection is absent. If suspicious behavior continues, follow the security software’s remediation guidance before reconnecting the card.

Format the memory card

For an SD, SDHC, SDXC, or SDUC card

The SD Association strongly recommends its SD Memory Card Formatter instead of generic operating-system formatting tools, which may not be optimized for SD cards and could result in lower performance. Check the formatter’s current compatibility information before installing it: SD Association SD Memory Card Formatter. The association lists support for SD, SDHC, SDXC, and SDUC cards, but says the formatter does not format the protected area on SD, SDHC, and SDXC cards.

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You can connect the card through a compatible built-in slot or a compatible USB card reader. A reader is optional if the camera or computer already provides a suitable way to access the card; it does not remove malware by itself. Confirm that the interface is compatible with the card before formatting.

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Use the camera or device that normally uses the card

If the computer cannot format the card, use the camera or other device’s format option, as long as you are willing to erase the card. Look in the device’s storage or card settings for its format command; exact menu labels vary by model. Formatting in the intended device can also help ensure the card is prepared for that device’s use.

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If the card will not format or the problem returns

  • Check write protection: If the card is in an adapter with a lock switch, make sure the switch is not set to write-protect. Do not force the card or adapter.
  • Note the exact error: A failure to format does not, by itself, prove malware is responsible. Compatibility, card damage, or another fault may also be involved.
  • Watch for files reappearing: If files return after formatting, consider whether the connected computer or device is writing them back. Scan the host again before repeating the card format.
  • Stop using an erratic card: If it continues to fail or behave unpredictably, avoid relying on it for important data. The available guidance is not enough to identify whether the cause is malware, card damage, or another issue without the device details and error.

After a successful format, use the card in its intended device and watch for the suspicious behavior to recur. If it does, investigate the host device rather than relying on repeated card formatting alone.

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