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To play with Memcached over Telnet, connect to its TCP listener (commonly localhost 11211), send one Basic Text Protocol command per line, and— for storage commands—send an exactly sized data block immediately afterward. The shortest useful session is:
telnet localhost 11211
set greeting 0 300 5
hello
get greeting
quitMemcached is an in-memory key-value store for small chunks of arbitrary data, such as results from database calls, API calls, or page rendering. Telnet exposes the human-readable ASCII protocol, making it useful for learning, diagnostics, and quick checks.
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What Telnet exposes in Memcached
Memcached’s Basic Text Protocol uses ASCII command lines. A retrieval command is a single line; a storage command is a command line followed by a byte-counted payload. The server responds with short status words or structured lines that you can read directly in a Telnet window.
The item fields
Every item has a key, a 32-bit flags value, an expiration time, a 64-bit CAS (compare-and-swap) value, and arbitrary data. In ASCII mode, a key is limited to 250 bytes and cannot contain spaces or newline characters.
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- An expiration of
0means the item does not have a time-based expiration. - Values up to 30 days are interpreted as a number of seconds from now.
- A value greater than 30 days is interpreted as a Unix timestamp.
- The
bytesfield in a storage command must equal the payload length exactly, measured in bytes rather than characters.
Connect and frame commands correctly
Open a Telnet session
Use the host and port where Memcached is listening. The conventional local endpoint is port 11211:
$ telnet localhost 11211
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.If the service is on another host, replace localhost with that host name or address. A connection only proves that the TCP port accepted you; commands still have to follow the protocol.
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Terminate each line with CRLF
Memcached expects carriage-return/line-feed (CRLF) line endings. A storage request has this exact shape:
<command> <key> <flags> <exptime> <bytes> CRLF
<data bytes> CRLFFor cas, add the CAS token after the byte count:
cas <key> <flags> <exptime> <bytes> <cas unique> CRLF
<data bytes> CRLFIn the examples below, each displayed command and payload line is followed by CRLF when you type or transmit it. Do not send extra spaces, omit the payload terminator, or claim a byte count that differs from the data.
Play with telnet: get foo and inspect stats
Read a key with get
The get command accepts one or more keys. A hit returns a VALUE header, the payload, and a final END line. A missing key produces only END.
get foo
VALUE foo 0 3
bar
ENDThe fields in the VALUE header are the key, flags, and payload length. If you request several keys, Memcached returns a block for every hit and then one END marker.
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Inspect the server with stats
Send stats with no argument for counters and settings:
stats
STAT pid 1234
STAT uptime 456
ENDThe names and values depend on the running instance. Two useful focused forms are:
stats items
stats slabsstats items summarizes items by slab class, while stats slabs reports slab details. stats sizes exists as a development diagnostic, but it can lock a busy instance; use it only when that operational risk is acceptable.
Store and retrieve values
set: create or overwrite
set always writes the supplied value, whether or not the key already exists. This example stores five bytes for 300 seconds with flags set to zero:
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STORED
get greeting
VALUE greeting 0 5
hello
ENDThe command line says: key greeting, flags 0, relative expiration 300 seconds, and a five-byte payload. The server’s STORED response confirms success.
add: write only when absent
add succeeds only if the key does not currently exist. It is useful for one-time initialization and lock-like attempts:
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add lock 0 60 4
busy
STORED
add lock 0 60 5
again
NOT_STOREDThe second request fails because lock is already present. A failed conditional write does not replace the existing payload.
replace: write only when present
replace has the opposite existence rule: the key must already exist.
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STORED
replace missing 0 300 5
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NOT_STOREDThe first request updates an existing item; the second does nothing because missing is absent.
Modify existing bytes with append and prepend
append adds bytes to the end of an existing item, while prepend adds bytes to its beginning. Neither command accepts new flags or expiration settings: both retain the item’s existing metadata.
append greeting 0 0 6
world
STORED
prepend greeting 0 0 5
Say:
STORED
get greeting
VALUE greeting 0 16
Say: hello world
ENDHere, the original five-byte value becomes eleven bytes after appending, then sixteen bytes after prepending. The flags and expiration remain those of the original item. The byte count for append or prepend describes only the new fragment, not the complete resulting value.
Prevent lost updates with gets and cas
A plain get does not provide a version token. When multiple clients read and write the same key, one client can overwrite another’s change. Use gets to retrieve the current CAS identifier, then submit that identifier with cas.
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gets greeting
VALUE greeting 0 16 42
Say: hello world
END
cas greeting 0 300 15 42
Say: hello again
STOREDThe extra number on the VALUE line is the CAS token. Memcached stores the new value only if token 42 is still current. If another writer changed the item after the gets, the token is stale and the server returns EXISTS instead of overwriting that newer value. Fetch a fresh token with gets before trying again.
Delete one key
delete removes a single key if it exists:
delete greeting
DELETED
delete greeting
NOT_FOUNDThe first command removes the item. The second reports that no item with that key remains.
Use incr and decr for numeric counters
Counter commands operate on an existing value containing an unsigned 64-bit decimal integer. They do not create a missing key.
set hits 0 3600 1
0
STORED
incr hits 1
1
decr hits 1
0The argument after the key is the amount to add or subtract. If the key is absent, the response is NOT_FOUND; initialize it with set first. Decrement underflow clamps at zero. Increment overflow wraps at 64 bits, so applications should choose a counter policy that tolerates that behavior.
Invalidate cached data with flush_all
flush_all invalidates existing items:
flush_all
OKYou can schedule invalidation rather than doing it immediately:
flush_all 60
OKThe number is a delay in seconds. Flushing causes items to expire; it does not itself free memory or pause the server. Because it affects the entire cache, use it deliberately rather than as a routine way to remove one bad key.
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Finish the session
Send quit to close the interactive protocol session:
quitYou can also use Telnet’s escape sequence to leave the client. A normal TCP close is sufficient after the server has processed your final response.
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| Command | Purpose | Existence or concurrency rule | Typical success response |
|---|---|---|---|
get |
Read one or more values | Returns only keys that exist | VALUE ..., payload, then END |
gets |
Read values with CAS tokens | Returns the current version token | VALUE ... <cas unique>, payload, then END |
set |
Create or overwrite | No existence requirement | STORED |
add |
Create only | Fails when the key exists | STORED |
replace |
Update only | Fails when the key is absent | STORED |
append |
Add bytes at the end | Requires an existing key; keeps metadata | STORED |
prepend |
Add bytes at the beginning | Requires an existing key; keeps metadata | STORED |
cas |
Conditional update | Requires an existing, current CAS token | STORED |
delete |
Remove one key | Reports whether the key was present | DELETED |
incr/decr |
Change a decimal counter | Requires an existing unsigned 64-bit integer | New decimal value |
stats |
Inspect counters and slab information | Read-only diagnostic operation | STAT ... lines, then END |
flush_all |
Invalidate the cache | Affects all existing items, immediately or after a delay | OK |
Understand Memcached responses
STORED— the storage operation succeeded.NOT_STORED— a conditional storage operation could not proceed, commonly becauseaddfound an existing key orreplacefound none.EXISTS— the CAS token supplied tocasis stale.NOT_FOUND— the key is absent for a retrieval-style mutation, deletion, or counter operation.VALUE ...followed by payload — a retrieval hit;ENDmarks the end of the response.CLIENT_ERROR— the request is malformed, the key is invalid, or the framing is wrong.SERVER_ERROR— the server encountered an internal failure.
Fix common Telnet mistakes
The server waits after a storage command
Check that you sent the payload and its terminating CRLF. Memcached will continue waiting if the declared byte count has not arrived. Count bytes exactly; for plain ASCII examples, the character count and byte count match, but they can differ for multibyte text.
You receive CLIENT_ERROR
Verify the command spelling and field order, remove spaces or newline characters from the key, and recalculate the payload length. A malformed header and a mismatched byte count are the usual framing causes.
add or replace returns NOT_STORED
That response is a condition result, not a transport failure. add refuses an already existing key; replace refuses an absent key. Use get to inspect the current state before choosing the operation.
cas returns EXISTS
Another writer changed the item after your gets. Read it again with gets, merge or recalculate your update, and retry with the new token.
incr or decr returns NOT_FOUND
Counters are not auto-created. Initialize the key with set and a decimal value, then issue the counter command.
Responses become impossible to match to requests
Do not use noreply while learning or debugging. Suppressing responses can leave the client and server out of alignment when a command is malformed, making the next output appear to belong to the wrong request.
Basic Text Protocol scope
Memcached documentation also describes a newer Meta Text Protocol. The older binary protocol is deprecated. Telnet examples in this guide intentionally stay with the Basic Text Protocol because it is the line-oriented interface you can inspect directly in an interactive session. Use a client library for application code, where connection handling, byte encoding, retries, and concurrency are easier to control.
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