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For the MCP 2025-11-25 compatibility flow, send an initialization POST first; if it fails with HTTP 400, 404, or 405, try GET and look for a legacy endpoint SSE event. That event identifies the older HTTP+SSE transport. An SSE response by itself does not: Streamable HTTP can also use SSE. This detection method is version-specific. MCP’s 2026-07-28 release changes initialization and session behavior, so clients must follow the protocol version they and the server support.
How the two MCP transports differ
Legacy HTTP+SSE and Streamable HTTP are separate ways to exchange MCP messages over HTTP. In the 2024-11-05 legacy transport, the server exposes separate endpoints for its SSE stream and for client messages. Streamable HTTP instead uses one MCP endpoint that accepts both POST and GET requests.
| Aspect | Legacy HTTP+SSE (2024-11-05) | Streamable HTTP (2025-11-25 behavior) |
|---|---|---|
| Endpoint layout | A separate SSE endpoint for server messages and a POST endpoint for client messages. | One MCP endpoint supports HTTP POST and GET. |
| Client messages | POST to the message endpoint supplied during the legacy SSE setup. | POST JSON-RPC messages to the MCP endpoint. |
| Server messages | Sent as server-sent events on the SSE endpoint. | A POST response can be JSON or an SSE stream; GET can open an SSE stream. |
| Session handling | Uses the legacy endpoint workflow. | Under the 2025-11-25 specification, a server may assign an MCP-Session-Id. If it does, the client includes it on later requests and also sends MCP-Protocol-Version. |
The endpoint arrangement—not whether the response happens to use SSE—is the important distinction. The 2025-11-25 transport specification defines Streamable HTTP as replacing HTTP+SSE while allowing SSE as one of its response modes. Read the 2025-11-25 transport specification.
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The specification’s fallback procedure begins with an initialization POST and checks for the legacy transport only after specified HTTP errors. Use it only when implementing compatibility behavior for that protocol version.
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- Start with the candidate MCP URL. Use the URL you are testing as the Streamable HTTP endpoint.
- POST an
InitializeRequest. Include anAcceptheader that advertises bothapplication/jsonandtext/event-stream. - If the request succeeds, treat the server as supporting Streamable HTTP in this compatibility flow. The response may be JSON or an SSE stream.
- If it fails with HTTP 400, 404, or 405, issue GET to that URL. In the legacy setup, expect an SSE response whose first event supplies an
endpoint. - If that
endpointevent arrives, classify the server as legacy HTTP+SSE. Use the endpoint provided by the event for subsequent client messages.
The exact initialization and fallback behavior is defined in the 2025-11-25 transport specification. A different error, a failed connection, or an SSE response without the legacy endpoint event does not establish that the server uses legacy HTTP+SSE.
Why an SSE response is not enough to identify legacy HTTP+SSE
Both transports can involve server-sent events. In legacy HTTP+SSE, the server sends messages on its dedicated SSE endpoint. In Streamable HTTP, a POST may return an SSE stream, and a client may use GET to open a server-to-client SSE stream. Therefore, detecting the media type text/event-stream does not distinguish the transports. For the 2025-11-25 fallback, the key legacy signal is the endpoint event returned by GET after one of the specified POST failures.
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Account for the 2026-07-28 protocol changes
The 2025-11-25 detection sequence must not be treated as a timeless fingerprint. The MCP maintainers’ 2026-07-28 release article describes a substantial revision: it removes the initialize/initialized exchange and protocol session ID, moves protocol version, client identity, and capabilities into per-request _meta, and requires Mcp-Method and Mcp-Name for Streamable HTTP.
As a result, a client built for the newer revision should not blindly send the older InitializeRequest and interpret every resulting error as evidence of legacy SSE. First establish which protocol version the client and server support, then apply that version’s transport instructions. The 2026-07-28 release also says legacy HTTP+SSE is officially deprecated, with a year-long offramp and a minimum twelve-month deprecation window; consult the release and the support policies of the systems you operate before planning removal.
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Security checks for HTTP transports
For Streamable HTTP under the 2025-11-25 specification, security is part of correct server setup, not an optional transport detail. The specification requires validating incoming Origin headers to reduce DNS-rebinding risk; if a present Origin is invalid, the server must return HTTP 403. It recommends binding a locally run server to 127.0.0.1 rather than 0.0.0.0, and implementing proper authentication. These instructions are specific to that version; check the applicable specification’s security section when implementing a different revision. See the versioned transport and security requirements.
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