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To check for malware, use your device’s built-in or reputable security software, update its protection, and run a scan. On Windows, start with a Quick scan; if concern remains, run a Full scan or Microsoft Defender Offline, then review Protection history. A clean scan is reassuring, but no single scan can prove with certainty that a device is malware-free.
What signs are worth checking?
Sudden slowness, shorter battery life, unusually high data use, unexpected pop-ups, or browser redirects can be clues that an unwanted process is running. They are not proof of malware: hardware or software problems can cause similar symptoms. Treat them as reasons to check the device, not as a diagnosis.
How to check for malware on Windows
Windows 10 and Windows 11 include the Windows Security app. Microsoft says Microsoft Defender Antivirus provides real-time protection there, but if another antimalware provider is installed, Defender Antivirus may be turned off automatically. Check which provider is active rather than assuming both products are scanning. See Microsoft’s Windows Security guidance.
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Open Windows Security and select Virus & threat protection. Check the active security provider and confirm that its protection is current.
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Select Quick scan for an initial check. Microsoft recommends a quick scan when you suspect malware. You can keep using the PC while it runs.
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If the scan finds nothing but you remain concerned, select Scan options, then choose Full scan and start it. A Full scan checks every file and program. For one file or folder, use File Explorer: right-click the item and choose Scan with Microsoft Defender when that option is available.
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When a scan finds a threat, follow the recommended quarantine or removal action. If unwanted software persists or detections recur, update security intelligence and scan again; consider an offline scan for persistent threats.
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Microsoft’s instructions for starting and managing scans are in How to start a scan for viruses or malware in Microsoft Defender.
Which Windows scan should you choose?
| Scan | What it checks | When to use it | Interruption |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quick scan | An initial check for common locations where threats may be found. | First step when checking because of a concern. | Runs in Windows; no restart is described for this option. |
| Full scan | Every file and program. | When a quick scan finds nothing but concern remains, or a broader check is needed. | Runs in Windows and may take longer than a quick scan. |
| Custom scan | Locations you select. | When you want to check a particular file or location. | Runs in Windows. |
| Microsoft Defender Offline | A scan outside the ordinary Windows session, after restart. | When malware may be persistent or able to hide while Windows is running. | Restarts the PC. Save open work first. |
When and how to run Microsoft Defender Offline
An offline scan runs after the PC restarts, outside the regular Windows session, which makes it harder for persistent malware to hide. Use it if detections keep returning or you need a deeper check. Before starting, save open documents and other work because the PC will restart.
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Open Windows Security and select Virus & threat protection.
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Select Scan options, choose Microsoft Defender Offline scan, then select Scan now.
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Let the PC restart and complete the scan. After Windows starts again, open Windows Security and review Protection history for the result.
A result showing no detection is reassuring for that scan; it is not a guarantee that no malware is present. Microsoft explains the scan choices and post-scan steps in its Microsoft Defender scan guide.
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What to do if malware keeps returning
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Update security intelligence, then run another scan and follow the recommended quarantine or removal steps for any detection.
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If detections recur, use Microsoft Defender Offline to check outside the regular Windows session.
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If malware has caused changes that cannot be reversed, Microsoft describes restore or reset options as possible next steps. These can affect files and settings, so treat them as escalation measures rather than a first response. Review Microsoft’s guidance on Microsoft Defender Offline and removing malware from a Windows PC.
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Avoid turning off protection or adding exclusions just to make a warning disappear. Microsoft cautions that excluded files are not scanned.
What if you use a Mac, Android phone, or iPhone?
The Windows menu paths above apply to Windows, not other devices. Microsoft states that its consumer Defender anti-malware coverage includes Windows, Mac, and Android, but the available instructions and controls differ by platform. The sources cited here do not establish a matching scan workflow for each device, and they do not provide an iOS procedure. Use the security settings and trusted protection options for your specific operating system rather than assuming Windows steps transfer directly.
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