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For ordinary Salesforce records in a Lightning web component (LWC), start with Lightning Data Service (LDS). Use its base components for standard forms, its wire adapters or functions for custom interfaces, and its GraphQL wire adapter for precise, relational or filtered queries. Choose Apex when UI API does not support the object or operation, or when multiple record changes must succeed or roll back as one transaction.
Choose a data-access option by the job
| Need | Start with | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Standard view, create or edit form | lightning-record-form, lightning-record-view-form or lightning-record-edit-form |
These LDS-backed base components provide standard record interfaces with little custom data-access code. Salesforce Data Guidelines |
| Custom interface for a supported record | LDS wire adapter or function | Use a wire for reactive data; use functions such as createRecord, updateRecord or deleteRecord for individual mutations. Each function call is its own transaction. Salesforce Data Guidelines |
| Exact fields, filtering, relationships, combined queries or pagination | LDS-backed GraphQL wire adapter | GraphQL expresses field selection, filtering and relationship traversal in a query and can combine requests. Salesforce Data Guidelines and When to Use GraphQL Wire Adapter |
| Object not supported by UI API, such as Task or Event | Apex | Salesforce identifies unsupported UI API objects as an Apex use case. Salesforce Data Guidelines |
| Criteria-based operation UI API cannot express | Apex | Salesforce gives retrieving a filtered list, such as Accounts whose Amount exceeds a threshold, as an example. Salesforce Data Guidelines |
| Several record changes that must commit or roll back together | Apex | LDS functions operate as independent transactions; Apex can group multiple record operations into one transaction. Salesforce Data Guidelines |
| Control exactly when a read runs, such as after a click | Imperative LDS function if it fits; otherwise imperative Apex | Imperative calls run when invoked. An imperative Apex call resolves with one result, while @wire provisions a stream. Salesforce Data Guidelines and Call Apex Methods Imperatively |
Salesforce’s recommended progression is to begin with LDS base components, move to LDS adapters when the interface needs customization, and use Apex when those options do not cover the requirement. GraphQL is another LDS-managed option when a query needs more precise selection or richer relationships. Salesforce Data Guidelines
What LDS provides beyond a data request
Shared record cache
LDS caches record data on the client and shares it among components that access the same record. Changes made through supported LDS operations can be reflected in other components using relevant LDS wires. Salesforce does not promise a fixed cache lifetime, so avoid logic that depends on data remaining cached for a specific duration. Lightning Data Service
Security behavior for user-facing records
LDS-backed UI API components and adapters enforce record sharing, object-level permissions (CRUD) and field-level security (FLS). When LDS supports the operation, this makes it a straightforward default for ordinary user-facing record access. Lightning Data Service
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Reactive data when the view changes
A wired adapter provisions data reactively, which suits a view that should respond to changes in its inputs. An imperative call instead runs only when your code invokes it. Choose based on whether the component needs a continuing provisioned stream or explicit control over timing—not on an assumption that imperative Apex is managed by LDS. Call Apex Methods Imperatively
What changes when you use Apex
Transactions and supported operations
Apex is the better fit when the job exceeds UI API’s supported objects or operations, or when the server must apply several record changes atomically. By contrast, calling LDS mutation functions for several records does not combine those calls into one transaction. Salesforce Data Guidelines
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Wired and imperative Apex have different constraints
To wire an Apex method, annotate it with @AuraEnabled(cacheable=true), and make sure it only reads data. A wired Apex method provisions data; imperative Apex is invoked explicitly and returns a single promise result. Use the imperative form for user-triggered work or mutations, while remembering that its result is not thereby brought under LDS cache management. Wire Apex Methods to Lightning Web Components and Call Apex Methods Imperatively
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Security is your implementation responsibility
With Apex, design access checks deliberately. Sharing declarations govern record-level access, while database access modes or stripInaccessible() address object and field permissions. Check the guidance for your Salesforce release and API version rather than relying on an assumed default. Secure Apex Classes
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Plan refreshes when Apex and LDS both appear
Apex results are not managed by LDS, including results from cacheable Apex methods. If a wired Apex result becomes stale, use refreshApex() on the value provisioned by the wire. After an imperative Apex operation, call the Apex method again when you need fresh results; if records in the LDS cache are also affected, call notifyRecordUpdateAvailable(recordIds) to tell LDS those records have changed. A refresh can require a server trip, so refresh when needed rather than reflexively. Wire Apex Methods to Lightning Web Components, Client-Side Caching of Apex Method Results and Salesforce Data Guidelines
Do not treat Apex and LDS as one shared cache. Mixing results can leave components with inconsistent views, including in online or offline scenarios. In the documented case where an application both fetches and searches the same data, Salesforce recommends using GraphQL consistently for both operations. Salesforce Data Guidelines
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A practical decision sequence
- Start with the interface. For a standard record form, use an LDS base component.
- Check support. If the object and operation are supported and the UI is custom, use an LDS adapter or function.
- Check query shape. Use the GraphQL wire adapter when exact fields, filtering, related records, combined queries or pagination are central to the read.
- Check invocation and transaction needs. Use imperative calls when timing is explicit; choose Apex if multiple changes must be atomic or UI API cannot express the operation.
- Account for cache and access controls. Decide how stale data will be refreshed and, with Apex, implement the required security behavior.
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