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If an Ivanti Connect Secure appliance may be compromised, remove it from production immediately, disconnect it from enterprise networks, preserve forensic evidence, then reset or replace it and rotate every credential and trust relationship it could access. Do not rely on a clean integrity-checker result as proof that the appliance is safe. Restore service only after rebuilding on a supported, patched version and validating the surrounding identity environment.
First response: contain the appliance without destroying evidence
Start with containment, not a password change or a software upgrade. CISA Supplemental Direction V1, issued January 31, 2024 and updated February 5, 2024, directs agencies to “disconnect all instances of Ivanti Connect Secure and Ivanti Policy Secure solution products from agency networks.” For a private organization, the same sequence is a prudent incident-response baseline: take every potentially affected appliance out of production, disconnect its network paths, and isolate it from enterprise resources to the greatest degree possible.
- Remove the appliance from service. Stop VPN access through the suspected instance and prevent administrative or management connections that are not required for evidence collection.
- Segment what cannot be disconnected immediately. Restrict routes to internal applications, directory services, management networks, cloud connectors and authentication systems. Treat any system that recently communicated with the appliance as potentially exposed.
- Keep hunting while containment is underway. Review systems connected to, or recently connected to, the appliance. Monitor authentication and identity-management services, and audit privileged accounts for unexpected logins, new grants, token use or configuration changes.
- Record the response timeline. Note the time of isolation, appliance identity, software version, administrators involved and every command or change made. This chronology helps investigators distinguish attacker activity from remediation.
Do not reconnect the appliance merely to check whether users can log in. Ivanti’s recovery FAQ describes the order as taking the solution out of production and looking for signs that the threat actor took additional action, then factory-resetting, upgrading and patching, and only afterward putting the appliance back into production.
Why this incident can extend beyond the VPN gateway
The CISA and partner-agency advisory centers on three principal vulnerabilities in the exploit chain: CVE-2023-46805, CVE-2024-21887 and CVE-2024-21893. In combination, the flaws can allow authentication bypass, command execution with elevated privileges and persistence. A compromised gateway is therefore an access point into the identities, systems and applications it trusted, not just an isolated networking problem.
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| Risk area | What to examine | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Identity services | Directory authentication, federation, MFA, privileged sign-ins and password-reset events | Stolen sessions or credentials may be used after the appliance is disconnected. |
| Connected hosts | Servers, workstations, management systems and applications reached through the VPN | An intruder may have moved laterally before containment. |
| Trust material | Certificates, private keys, API keys, service-account secrets and tokens | These can preserve access even after the appliance itself is rebuilt. |
| Administrative access | New accounts, changed roles, unusual administrator logins and configuration exports | Persistence can survive a routine appliance reset elsewhere in the environment. |
Preserve a forensic image and logs before a reset
Factory-resetting or redeploying the appliance changes or destroys evidence. Singapore’s Cyber Security Agency advises: “Preserve a forensic image from the impacted appliance(s) for forensic analysis and investigative purposes.” Engage an incident-response or digital-forensics team if your staff cannot acquire a defensible image, preserve volatile data and maintain chain-of-custody records.
Evidence to collect
- A full forensic image of each impacted hardware appliance, or an appropriate snapshot and export for a virtual deployment, captured before destructive changes when feasible.
- System, audit, authentication, web-access, configuration-change and administrator logs, exported in their original format with timestamps and time-zone information.
- Current configuration exports, software and build details, interface assignments, certificates, keys and integration settings. Store secrets separately and restrict access to the evidence repository.
- Volatile information that may disappear at shutdown, such as active sessions, processes, network connections and memory, when your response procedures and tooling support safe collection.
- Firewall, directory, MFA, cloud identity, endpoint and application logs covering the period before and after the suspected compromise.
Do not treat Ivanti’s internal or external integrity checkers as a definitive clearance test. The joint CISA advisory warns that those tools may fail to detect every compromise. A clean result can inform triage, but it does not replace imaging, log analysis and a rebuild from a trusted source.
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Export, reset, rebuild and patch in the prescribed order
Once evidence is secured as far as incident-response procedures permit, follow the vendor-directed recovery sequence. Preserve the exported configuration as evidence and as a reconstruction aid, but do not blindly reintroduce untrusted files or secrets.
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- Export configuration settings. Capture the configuration required to recreate interfaces, policies, authentication-server definitions and approved integrations. Record which exports contain credentials or private keys and protect them accordingly.
- Perform the factory reset on hardware. Use the Ivanti procedure for the exact appliance model. A reset is destructive; do not begin until the forensic collection and required exports are complete.
- Deploy a new build for a virtual appliance. Ivanti describes deploying a new virtual-appliance build as the equivalent clean-recovery path. Do not assume that an in-place virtual repair removes persistence.
- Install a currently supported software version and patch it. Supported versions and mitigation requirements change, so verify the current Ivanti advisory and release documentation at execution time.
- Reimport only the configuration you have reviewed. Recreate settings from the trusted export, excluding unknown users, unauthorized routes, suspicious scheduled actions and obsolete integrations. Replace secrets rather than restoring them.
- Remove mitigation XML only as directed. CISA’s sequence includes following Ivanti instructions for removing any mitigation XML after the upgrade. Removing it at the wrong stage can leave the appliance exposed.
For hardware, a vendor reset and rebuild may be preferable when the unit can be isolated and its firmware and support status are clear. Replacement hardware can provide additional assurance when the appliance cannot be reliably reset, is out of support or cannot be validated. For virtual deployments, a new build generally offers a cleaner boundary than attempting to remediate the existing instance, provided evidence and configuration are preserved first.
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Reset every credential and trust relationship the appliance could reach
Assume that credentials stored on the appliance, entered through it or available to its integrations may be compromised. CISA requires revoking and reissuing connected or exposed certificates, keys and passwords. Rotate in an order that preserves emergency administrative access: establish a known-good recovery account, then disable or replace old credentials and monitor use of the retired ones.
Appliance and integration credentials
- Reset the appliance admin enable password and every local user password.
- Replace stored API keys, private keys, certificates and other machine credentials. Revoke old certificates before issuing replacements so a copied certificate cannot remain valid.
- Reset service-account passwords used for authentication-server configuration, directory lookups, logging, monitoring or other integrations.
- Review configuration exports, scripts and automation for embedded secrets, and replace any secret that appeared in those locations.
Associated domain and cloud identities
Treat associated domain accounts as compromised, not merely the appliance administrator. For on-premises accounts, CISA calls for two password resets. The two changes invalidate hashes or tickets that may have been captured between the first reset and the second. Revoke Kerberos tickets, review privileged-group membership and force reauthentication where your identity platform supports it.
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In hybrid environments, revoke cloud access tokens and refresh tokens. Disable cloud-joined or cloud-registered devices when necessary to revoke device tokens, then re-enroll only devices that pass your security checks. Review federation, MFA, conditional-access and privileged-access policies for changes made during the exposure window.
Review the logs before they roll over
The Ivanti Connect Secure Administration Guide states that the local Events viewer displays the most recent 5,000 log messages. That is a display limit, not a guarantee that older records remain available. Export or forward records to protected storage before the limit, local retention settings or a rebuild overwrites them.
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Build a useful review window
- Start before the earliest suspected exploitation and continue through isolation, credential rotation and attempted restoration.
- Correlate appliance timestamps with directory, MFA, firewall, endpoint, cloud identity and application logs. Normalize time zones before drawing conclusions.
- Search for administrator logins from unusual locations, impossible travel, new accounts, privilege changes, unexpected configuration downloads, command execution and access to sensitive applications.
- Use the CISA advisory’s indicators of compromise and detection methods, then expand the hunt to infrastructure specific to your environment.
- Preserve both suspicious records and the surrounding benign context so investigators can establish what happened and when.
Continue monitoring identity and authentication services after the rebuild. A clean appliance does not remove an attacker who already created an account, planted a token or accessed another host.
Choose between reset, replacement and a new virtual build
The correct recovery path depends on evidence quality, support status and the ability to demonstrate a clean state. The options below describe the decision factors rather than a universal winner.
| Deployment | Recovery option | Evidence preservation | Downtime and effort | When it is appropriate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hardware | Vendor factory reset, supported rebuild and patch | Requires imaging and log export before reset | Usually less procurement delay, but service remains unavailable during reset and validation | The unit can be isolated, reset according to vendor instructions and rebuilt on a supported release. |
| Hardware | Replacement appliance | Original unit can be retained for forensic work | May increase downtime and require hardware availability and configuration migration | The original cannot be confidently reset, is out of support or has an uncertain firmware state. |
| Virtual | In-place remediation | Snapshot and export first; preserve the original instance | Can be faster, but residual persistence is harder to rule out | Only when incident responders and the vendor support the method and a clean state can be validated. |
| Virtual | Deploy a new build | Retain the original virtual disk or snapshot for analysis | Requires a new deployment and controlled configuration migration | Preferred when you need a clear separation between evidence and the production replacement. |
Validate before returning VPN access
Do not restore production because the appliance boots or users can authenticate. Create a written go/no-go checklist with security, networking and identity owners.
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- Configuration has been reviewed, unauthorized objects are absent and all appliance, domain, cloud and service credentials have been rotated.
- Certificates and keys have been revoked and reissued, with trust stores and integrations updated.
- Logs are exporting to protected, centralized storage and alerting is active before users return.
- Threat hunters have examined connected systems and identity logs for persistence, lateral movement and post-isolation activity.
- Privileged accounts, cloud-joined devices and token revocations have been verified by the identity team.
- A rollback and emergency shutdown plan exists if suspicious activity reappears.
Restore access in stages: a controlled test group first, then limited production populations, while watching authentication, endpoint and application telemetry. Maintain continuous monitoring after restoration and keep the original appliance or virtual image preserved until investigators and legal or regulatory stakeholders agree it can be released.
Common response mistakes to avoid
- Resetting first: A quick factory reset can erase the evidence needed to determine scope. Collect an image and logs first whenever feasible.
- Trusting a checker alone: Integrity tools can miss compromise; combine them with forensic analysis and a clean rebuild.
- Rotating only the VPN administrator password: API keys, local users, service accounts, certificates, domain credentials and cloud tokens may provide independent access.
- Ignoring recently connected systems: Attackers may have moved laterally before the appliance was isolated.
- Leaving logs on the appliance: The local viewer shows only the most recent 5,000 messages, and retention can erase older evidence.
- Reimporting every old secret: Configuration migration should restore approved settings, not compromised credentials or unknown persistence mechanisms.
- Declaring success at first login: Service availability is not proof that identities, endpoints and applications are clean.
Vulnerability status, supported releases, vendor tooling and reporting duties can change. Before executing a live response, verify the current Ivanti security advisory, CISA guidance and the incident-notification requirements that apply to your jurisdiction and sector.
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