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Windows’ vulnerable driver blocklist stops specified non-Microsoft kernel drivers from loading. The drivers are blocked because they contain known security weaknesses, have been used maliciously, or bypass Windows’ kernel security model. Preventing a risky driver from starting can remove a path to kernel compromise and may avoid crashes caused by that driver, but the blocklist is not a universal detector for every unstable or badly written driver.
Microsoft says the list is enabled by default on devices running the Windows 11 2022 update or later, with additional enforcement through memory integrity (HVCI), Smart App Control, and S mode. The exact behavior depends on your Windows edition, version, and security configuration.
What the Windows vulnerable driver blocklist does
A kernel driver runs with very high privileges so it can communicate directly with hardware and core Windows components. That privilege makes drivers useful targets: a vulnerable signed driver can sometimes be abused to read or write kernel memory, disable security controls, or elevate an attacker’s privileges.
The vulnerable driver blocklist is a Windows policy containing drivers that Microsoft considers unsafe to load. Microsoft describes three broad categories:
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- Drivers with known vulnerabilities that could be exploited to gain higher privileges in the Windows kernel.
- Drivers that behave maliciously or use certificates associated with malware.
- Drivers whose behavior is not necessarily malicious but circumvents the Windows security model in a way that could enable kernel-level exploitation.
Microsoft works with hardware manufacturers, original-equipment manufacturers, and the security community to identify problematic drivers. When a listed driver is requested, Windows can prevent it from loading rather than allowing the kernel to trust its digital signature alone.
This is primarily a security control. It can also improve stability when a listed driver is responsible for failures, but Microsoft does not publish a crash-prevention percentage or a count of crashes avoided.
Why “prevent crashes” needs a qualification
A driver blocklist is not the same as a quality filter. It does not test every driver for memory leaks, timing bugs, bad power-management code, or incompatibility with a particular motherboard. It only addresses drivers that Microsoft has identified and added to the policy.
Microsoft explicitly warns that the list is not guaranteed to block every driver known to have vulnerabilities. A driver can therefore remain capable of causing a security problem or a crash until it is analyzed and added. Conversely, blocking a driver can itself cause a device or application to malfunction and, in rare cases, can contribute to a blue screen if essential software depends on it.
The practical benefit is narrower and more defensible: if a known-risk driver is on the list, stopping it before initialization removes that driver’s kernel code from the current boot. You still need normal driver maintenance, Windows updates, and hardware-vendor fixes for other sources of instability.
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When Windows turns the protection on
Windows 11 defaults
Microsoft says the vulnerable driver blocklist has been enabled by default for all devices since the Windows 11 2022 update. Windows Security provides the consumer-facing controls, although the visible setting and its wording can vary by Windows version and security configuration.
Security features that enforce the list
The list is also enforced when memory integrity, Smart App Control, or S mode is active. Memory integrity is Microsoft’s name for hypervisor-protected code integrity (HVCI), which uses virtualization-based security to check kernel code. Microsoft says HVCI is enabled by default on most new Windows 11 devices.
Inbox-policy documentation identifies the Microsoft Windows Driver Policy as a kernel-only policy. It is active by default on Windows 11 version 22H2, Windows in S mode, Windows 11 SE, and systems where memory integrity is enabled. These conditions describe specific policy behavior; other editions and configurations can differ.
Updates to the list
Microsoft says it refreshes the blocklist quarterly. List changes are also delivered through monthly Windows servicing, so a fully patched PC can receive newer rules without a separate manual download. Microsoft’s recommended-rules guidance was last updated on May 4, 2026.
How it differs from HVCI, ASR, and App Control
Several Windows protections mention vulnerable drivers, but they act at different points in the attack chain.
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| Protection | What it controls | Who normally manages it | Important trade-off |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vulnerable driver blocklist | Prevents listed kernel drivers from loading. | Windows Security and Windows’ built-in policy. | Built-in protection, but a blocked driver can break dependent hardware or software. |
| Memory integrity (HVCI) | Uses virtualization-based code integrity to protect kernel code; in documented configurations it also enforces the vulnerable-driver blocklist. | Windows Security, device management, or organization policy. | Requires compatible hardware, firmware, and kernel drivers; older systems may not meet those requirements. |
| Attack Surface Reduction rule: “Block abuse of exploited vulnerable signed drivers” | Stops an application from writing a vulnerable signed driver to disk. | Organization administrators through Microsoft security policy. | It does not stop a vulnerable driver that is already on disk from loading. |
| App Control for Business | Allows or denies code, including kernel-mode drivers, through a policy enforced early in boot. | Organization administrators. | Requires policy design, testing, event review, and a recovery plan. |
The distinction between writing and loading matters. ASR can prevent an application from dropping a vulnerable driver onto the disk, while the blocklist or an App Control policy can prevent an existing listed driver from starting.
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Check protection on a personal Windows PC
For ordinary users, use the Windows Security app rather than copying policy files manually.
- Open Windows Security from the Start menu.
- Open Device security.
- Review Core isolation and the Memory integrity setting. If memory integrity is on, HVCI is active and the documented blocklist-enforcement condition applies.
- Install pending Windows updates under Settings > Windows Update. Blocklist revisions are delivered through normal servicing.
Windows may display a notification when a driver is blocked. Record the driver name and the device or application that reports the problem before attempting a workaround. Installing a newer driver from the hardware manufacturer is safer than disabling a security feature.
Verify the inbox policy as an administrator
Administrators who need evidence of policy state can use Microsoft’s citool.exe or the CodeIntegrity Operational event log. The inbox policy is named Microsoft Windows Driver Policy and has the ID {d2bda982-ccf6-4344-ac5b-0b44427b6816}.
- Open Event Viewer.
- Go to Applications and Services Logs > Microsoft > Windows > CodeIntegrity > Operational.
- Filter or search for policy-activation event 3099.
- Confirm that the event identifies the Microsoft Windows Driver Policy and the ID above.
Event logs show policy activation, not a guarantee that every driver on the machine is safe. Use them together with the driver inventory and the Windows Security status shown on the affected device.
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Deploy a current App Control blocklist in an organization
Organizations that need a specific, centrally managed policy can use App Control for Business. Microsoft’s documented deployment outline uses the policy refresh tool and the blocklist binaries published with its guidance.
- Download the App Control policy refresh tool and the current blocklist binaries from Microsoft’s administrator guidance.
- Choose whether the policy will run in audit-only mode or in enforced mode. Start with audit mode for new deployments.
- Use the documented policy file and rename it
SiPolicy.p7b. - Place the file in
%windir%System32CodeIntegrityon the test device or through your device-management system. - Run the policy refresh tool as instructed by Microsoft.
- Reboot when required. If a driver that the new policy would block is already running, it can continue until the next boot.
- After reboot, inspect Event Viewer > Applications and Services Logs > Microsoft > Windows > CodeIntegrity > Operational and review event 3099 and related audit events.
- Only enforce the policy after confirming that required peripherals, storage controllers, endpoint-security components, and business applications continue to work.
Microsoft’s published recommended policy contains Allow All rules. On Windows versions that support multiple policies, Microsoft recommends deploying that policy alongside existing App Control policies. If you merge it with a policy that uses an explicit allowlist, remove the Allow All rules before merging. Do not casually combine kernel policies without testing the resulting effective policy.
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A device stops working after a driver is blocked
Identify the blocked driver in the Windows notification or CodeIntegrity log, then obtain a patched version from the device manufacturer. If no compatible release exists, use a supported replacement device or application. Disabling memory integrity or other protections should be treated as a temporary, documented exception rather than the normal fix.
A blue screen appears after policy deployment
Boot into Windows Recovery Environment or Safe Mode, undo the newly deployed App Control policy according to your organization’s recovery procedure, and collect the stop code and CodeIntegrity events. Restore the last known-good policy, test the replacement driver, and repeat deployment in audit mode before enforcing it.
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Do not switch directly to enforcement. Group the events by driver publisher, file name, and affected device model. Update or remove obsolete drivers, ask vendors for signed replacements, and retest on representative hardware. A policy that is safe on one model may block a storage, graphics, or peripheral driver on another.
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The list does not stop a crash
That result does not prove the policy failed. The crashing component may not be on the list, may be a user-mode service, or may be a hardware or firmware fault. Analyze the crash dump and driver version, then apply the appropriate vendor or Windows update.
Operational checklist
- Keep Windows current so monthly servicing can deliver blocklist changes.
- Enable memory integrity when the hardware, firmware, and installed drivers support it.
- For managed fleets, test new App Control policies in audit mode.
- Review CodeIntegrity events before enforcement and after every major driver rollout.
- Maintain a recovery path for systems that depend on a driver a policy blocks.
- Explain to users that a blocked driver warning is a security and compatibility signal, not proof that all other drivers are safe or unsafe.
The blocklist is therefore one layer in Windows’ defense against dangerous kernel code. It can stop specified vulnerable drivers before they load, while HVCI and App Control add stronger integrity and administrative controls. Its value is greatest when the list is kept current, policies are tested, and blocked-driver problems are solved with patched or replaced software rather than by permanently removing the protection.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can Windows block a driver that is already installed?
Yes. The vulnerable driver blocklist and an App Control policy can prevent a listed driver that is already on disk from loading. The ASR rule for exploited vulnerable signed drivers acts earlier by stopping an application from writing the driver to disk.
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Does enabling the blocklist guarantee that a PC will not crash?
No. Microsoft does not claim complete coverage or publish a crash-prevention rate. The policy addresses specified risky kernel drivers, not every unstable driver, hardware fault, firmware problem, or user-mode application.
How often does Microsoft update the vulnerable driver list?
Microsoft describes a quarterly refresh cadence and says updates are also distributed through monthly Windows servicing.
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