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Use React DOM’s browser() together with React’s use() and a surrounding <Suspense> boundary when a component cannot produce useful server-rendered UI. On the server, use(browser()) suspends that component and React sends the nearest Suspense fallback. In the browser, the same call returns undefined, allowing the component to read browser-only state such as localStorage or the device time zone.
The pattern is deliberately component-scoped: surrounding content can remain server-rendered. In a React Server Components application, the call must be inside a Client Component. Check the release channel and framework integration for the React version installed in your project; the current English API reference documents the behavior but does not establish a minimum stable version.
The exact browser-only rendering pattern
Import use from react and browser from react-dom. During the component’s render, pass the value returned by browser() to use():
import { Suspense, use, useState } from 'react';
import { browser } from 'react-dom';
function SavedDraft() {
use(browser('The draft is stored in localStorage.'));
const [draft, setDraft] = useState(
() => localStorage.getItem('draft') ?? ''
);
function handleChange(event) {
const nextDraft = event.target.value;
setDraft(nextDraft);
localStorage.setItem('draft', nextDraft);
}
return (
<label>
Draft:
<textarea value={draft} onChange={handleChange} rows={4} cols={30} />
</label>
);
}
export default function App() {
return (
<Suspense fallback={<p>Loading draft...</p>}>
<SavedDraft />
</Suspense>
);
}The call to browser() is not a directive by itself. Calling it without passing its return value to use() has no effect, and the returned value must not be thrown manually. The optional argument is a reason for the bailout, not content that React displays to users.
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With this example, the server response contains the paragraph from the Suspense fallback. Once the browser hydrates the boundary, React renders SavedDraft; use(browser()) returns undefined, and the lazy state initializer can safely access localStorage.
What browser() does on the server and in the browser
Server rendering
When a server renderer reaches use(browser()), React marks the component as browser-only and suspends it. React then renders the closest ancestor Suspense fallback into the initial HTML. The browser-only component is not rendered into that server output, so code that reads browser globals during that render does not execute on the server.
This is useful when there is genuinely no meaningful server value. Examples include a preference stored only in localStorage, a media-device capability, or a clock value based on the visitor’s local time zone. The fallback is therefore part of the page’s real initial output, not merely a loading indicator shown after JavaScript starts.
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Browser rendering and hydration
After hydration begins, React retries the suspended component in the browser. The browser() value resolves to undefined, so use(browser()) completes and the component continues through its normal render path. Browser APIs can then be read synchronously where your component needs them, subject to their own permission and availability rules.
Keep the browser-only read inside the component that needs it. Do not move every page into a client-only shell just because one child depends on browser state. Server-renderable headings, instructions, navigation, and other stable content can remain outside the boundary and arrive in the first response.
Why the Suspense boundary is mandatory
A server-rendered use(browser()) must be covered by a Suspense boundary that can provide a fallback. If no boundary is available, the server render fails instead of producing a useful fallback. Put the boundary around the smallest component that truly needs browser-only execution:
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<SavedDraft />
</Suspense>Designing the fallback
Choose fallback HTML that makes sense before JavaScript and browser state are available. It may be a short status message, a noninteractive placeholder, a skeleton matching the eventual layout, or a server-known alternative. The fallback can be read by users, assistive technology, and crawlers, so avoid implying that browser-only data is already present.
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- Explain what is unavailable rather than exposing an empty box.
- Keep server-renderable context outside the boundary so the page still communicates its purpose without the client component.
- Do not place the boundary so high that unrelated page content is hidden behind the same fallback.
Nested boundaries
If several independent browser-only widgets appear on a page, use separate boundaries when each can load or hydrate independently. A single parent boundary is appropriate when the widgets form one inseparable unit. The nearest boundary is the one React uses for the browser bailout, so its fallback determines the initial HTML for that component.
Client Component requirements in Server Components applications
In an application using React Server Components, use(browser()) belongs in a Client Component. Add 'use client' at the top of the module that contains the call, or move the call into a child module that is already a Client Component:
'use client';
import { use } from 'react';
import { browser } from 'react-dom';
export function LocalTime({ serverTimeZone }) {
if (serverTimeZone) {
return <span>{serverTimeZone}</span>;
}
use(browser('The time zone is available only in the browser.'));
return <span>{Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone}</span>;
}The 'use client' directive establishes a client boundary in the module dependency tree. Modules imported by that client entry point are treated as client code as well, so keep the boundary as narrow as practical. A Server Component cannot call use(browser()) directly, even if a client-only value is needed later in its output.
The Suspense boundary can be declared by a parent Server Component or by client code, but it must be present during server rendering. Follow the framework’s documented handling of Suspense and streaming rather than assuming that a framework-specific client-only switch behaves identically to this API.
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React permits use(browser()) inside a condition or after an early return. This lets one component render useful HTML when the server has enough information and opt out only when it does not:
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function TimeZone({ defaultTimeZone }) {
if (defaultTimeZone) {
return <span>{defaultTimeZone}</span>;
}
use(browser('No server time zone was provided.'));
const localTimeZone = Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone;
return <span>{localTimeZone}</span>;
}This is a data-availability decision. If a cookie, request header, route parameter, or server query supplies a meaningful initial value, render that value on the server and avoid a fallback. If the value exists only on the device, suspend deliberately and read it after the browser render starts. The same approach can prevent an unnecessary client-only bailout when initial data was supplied, while preserving a browser path for requests that lack it.
Do not put a browser-only read before the conditional. For example, evaluating localStorage.getItem() or Intl.DateTimeFormat() before use(browser()) still executes that expression during server rendering and defeats the purpose of the bailout.
Reporting browser bailouts
Server rendering APIs can receive an onBrowserBailout callback. When React leaves a Suspense fallback for browser rendering, the callback receives an Error describing the browser-only render and an errorInfo object containing the component stack. The string or function supplied as the browser reason becomes the error’s cause.
The reason is diagnostic metadata. React does not serialize it into the HTML, and a reason function runs on the server when React encounters the bailout; it does not run in the browser. Keep the reason concise and useful for logs, such as which browser-only dependency caused the decision.
A browser bailout is not an ordinary render failure. React’s API reference specifies that it does not call the server renderer’s onError callback or hydrateRoot’s onRecoverableError callback. If the component has no Suspense boundary, however, server rendering fails through the usual error path. Instrument both paths if your server-rendering platform needs to distinguish expected browser-only rendering from actual failures.
Aborting a pending server render
Direct server-rendering APIs also document using browser(reason) as the reason passed to abort when stopping a pending render. This keeps pending Suspense boundaries on their fallbacks so they can finish in the browser.
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When an API accepts an AbortSignal, pass the browser value to an AbortController:
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const controller = new AbortController();
controller.abort(browser('Finish the remaining boundaries in the browser.'));This is an advanced streaming-rendering technique. Framework-managed rendering often owns the controller and response lifecycle, so use the framework’s integration guidance instead of adding an application-level abort without understanding how it handles streamed HTML, hydration, and pending boundaries.
Choosing browser() versus other client-only approaches
| Approach | Initial server HTML | When it fits | Scope and trade-off |
|---|---|---|---|
browser() with Suspense |
The nearest Suspense fallback | The component cannot produce meaningful server UI and depends on browser-only state | Component-level opt-out with explicit fallback; requires a Suspense boundary and, in Server Components apps, a Client Component |
| Server-render a default or initial value | Useful value supplied by the server | A request, prop, cookie, or query can provide an acceptable starting value | Best first paint when the value is trustworthy; no browser bailout is needed |
Mounted state or a typeof window check |
Whatever the application’s conditional path renders | Existing application architecture already uses an effect or environment check | Behavior depends on component and framework loading semantics; React lists these as alternatives, not interchangeable guarantees |
| Framework setting that disables server rendering | Framework-defined client-only output | The framework offers a supported route for an entire route, island, or component | Configuration and fallback behavior are framework-specific; verify its Suspense and streaming documentation |
Prefer the narrowest solution that matches the data. A server-known default preserves useful HTML. browser() is appropriate when rendering the component on the server would be misleading or impossible, not as a blanket replacement for server rendering.
Implementation checklist
- Confirm that the component truly needs a browser-only value. Identify the exact expression that cannot run meaningfully on the server.
- Import
usefromreactandbrowserfromreact-dom. - Call
use(browser('reason'))during component rendering. Do not callbrowser()alone and do not throw its return value. - Move browser-global reads, such as
localStorageaccess, after the bailout call or into code that runs only after it returns in the browser. - Wrap the component in the nearest useful
<Suspense fallback={...}>boundary. - Make the module a Client Component when using React Server Components, or move the call into a client child.
- Design fallback HTML that remains understandable without JavaScript and does not claim to contain unavailable device data.
- Keep server-renderable siblings outside the boundary.
- If you operate a server renderer directly, decide whether
onBrowserBailoutlogging is needed and keep it separate from ordinary error reporting. - Verify the installed React release channel, version, and framework support before deploying. The current English API reference does not state a minimum version or stable-channel floor.
Troubleshooting common failures
The component still crashes on the server
Check that the browser read happens after use(browser()) and that the component is actually rendered beneath Suspense. A bailout cannot protect an expression evaluated before the call, and it cannot supply a fallback when no boundary exists.
The fallback never appears
Inspect the boundary location. It must wrap the component that calls use(browser()) during server rendering. A boundary rendered only after the component, or a client-only boundary that the server never sees, cannot provide the required initial fallback.
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Move the call into a module marked 'use client' or into a client child. Keep server data fetching and server-renderable layout in the parent when possible, passing serializable initial values into the client component.
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Hydration output differs from the fallback
A difference is expected: the fallback is the server representation, while the browser component is the post-hydration representation. Make the transition intentional by matching layout dimensions and providing an accessible status. If the browser component itself produces unstable markup on its first client render, fix that component’s state initialization separately.
Logs report an error even though the behavior is expected
Classify the event through onBrowserBailout. React does not route this expected browser-only transition through onError or onRecoverableError. A missing boundary or another exception is different and should be investigated through the normal server-rendering error path.
Release-channel and framework support
The API reference describes the syntax and semantics of browser(), but the inspected current English page does not identify a minimum React version or say that every release channel supports it. A localized React release explanation labels the feature in a Canary context, which is not by itself proof of availability in every stable release or framework.
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Before adopting it, check the exact React packages installed by the application, their release channel, and the framework’s documented support for Suspense during server rendering and hydration. Test a production-like server response: verify that the expected fallback is emitted, that the browser replaces it after hydration, and that logging distinguishes a browser bailout from a genuine render failure. If the framework wraps or replaces the server renderer, use its supported integration rather than assuming that direct renderer callbacks are exposed.
What to remember
browser() is a signal for React’s use(), not a standalone client-only directive. The essential sequence is use(browser()) inside the component, a server-visible Suspense boundary around it, and a Client Component boundary when React Server Components are involved. The server sends the fallback; the browser renders the component normally. Use a server-provided value instead when one is available, and verify channel and framework support before relying on the API in production.
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