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Upgrade PHP only after you identify your exact Nextcloud release and installation method. The PHP runtime must be supported by both the release you run now and the release you intend to install. Make a restorable database, data-directory, and config/config.php backup, put the server in maintenance mode, change PHP without changing its required extensions or web-server integration, then upgrade Nextcloud one major release at a time. Never use an in-place downgrade as a rollback.
Start by identifying Nextcloud and its installation method
The safest PHP plan depends on two facts: the exact Nextcloud major and point release, and how Nextcloud was installed. Do not infer compatibility from the PHP version currently shown by your operating system.
Find the installed Nextcloud release
In the web interface, open the Administrator settings and view the Overview page. From an archive installation, run the status command from the Nextcloud directory as the web-server account:
sudo -u www-data php occ status
Record the major release (for example, 31 or 35) and the complete point release. Bring the current major to its latest point release before moving to another major.
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Confirm how it was installed
- Archive installation: Nextcloud code was unpacked into a web directory. The archive-oriented commands and file-replacement procedure in this article apply here.
- Snap: Use the Snap updater and its documented PHP/runtime handling. Do not replace the host PHP packages as though the Snap used them directly.
- Docker or another container: Change the image or compose configuration supplied for that deployment, then follow the image’s upgrade procedure.
- Pre-built virtual machine: Follow the appliance publisher’s update instructions.
- Distribution package: Use the package maintainer’s Nextcloud and PHP update process.
The commands below assume a conventional archive installation. Applying them unchanged to a Snap, container, appliance, or package-managed deployment can leave the web process and command-line tools on different runtimes.
Match PHP to the exact Nextcloud release
Nextcloud’s PHP matrix, edited 1 September 2026, lists these supported combinations. The range is for the server release named in the first column; it is not a promise that every extension or operating-system package is available on every platform.
| Nextcloud release | Supported PHP versions |
|---|---|
| 35 | 8.3, 8.4, 8.5 |
| 34, 33 | 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5 |
| 32, 31 | 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4 |
| 30 | 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 |
| 29, 28 | 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 |
| 27, 26 | 8.0, 8.1, 8.2 |
| 25, 24 | 7.4, 8.0, 8.1 |
| 23, 22, 21 | 7.3, 7.4, 8.0 |
| 20, 19, 18 | 7.2, 7.3, 7.4 |
| 17, 16 | 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 |
| 15 | 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 |
| 14 | 7.0, 7.1, 7.2 |
| 13 | 5.6, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2 |
| 12, 11 | 5.6, 7.0, 7.1 |
| 10 | 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 7.0 |
The current system-requirements documentation accessed 15 October 2026 lists PHP 8.3, 8.4, and 8.5, and recommends 8.5. For older Nextcloud branches, the release matrix above remains the authority. PHP branches that no longer receive security fixes also restrict the syntax available to Nextcloud and its packages; newer supported PHP versions can improve performance, but compatibility comes first.
Use an intersection, not a guess
Suppose the installed server is Nextcloud 31 and the intended target is 32. PHP 8.1 through 8.4 is valid for both, so you can change PHP within that intersection before the Nextcloud upgrade. If the target PHP is not accepted by the installed release, upgrade Nextcloud first while staying on a PHP version accepted by both releases. Never skip a major release.
After each major upgrade, allow background migrations to complete before starting the next hop. The administration manual gives two or three scheduled cron.php runs as an example; large databases may need longer.
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Prepare a change that you can restore
Make a fresh, restorable backup
Take the backup immediately before changing PHP or Nextcloud. It must contain all three of these items:
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- the complete Nextcloud database, including a dump that you have checked can be read;
- the entire Nextcloud data directory; and
config/config.php, including database credentials, salts, trusted domains, and paths.
A backup that exists only on the same disk is not a recovery plan. Keep a separate copy and know which database and data-directory versions belong together.
Review release and app compatibility
Read the critical changes for every Nextcloud major you will cross. Check each third-party app and theme against the target release and PHP version. Disable third-party apps before the change; re-enable them one at a time only after the core upgrade and compatibility checks pass. Core apps should remain available unless the release instructions say otherwise.
Schedule downtime
Maintenance mode blocks existing sessions and prevents new logins. On a busy or large installation, migrations can keep the service unavailable for hours. Tell users when the window starts and do not begin while a large upload, database job, or backup is still running.
Put an archive installation in maintenance mode
The built-in updater enables maintenance mode automatically. For a manual PHP change or manual code upgrade, enable it yourself from the Nextcloud installation directory:
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sudo -E -u www-data php occ maintenance:mode --on
Keep it on while PHP is replaced, files are changed, and migrations run. Do not turn it off merely because the web page loads; first complete the verification checks later in this guide.
Change PHP without splitting the runtime
Install a supported runtime through your deployment’s normal mechanism
The documentation does not prescribe one package command for Ubuntu, Debian, RHEL-derived systems, Snap, Docker, or another platform. Use the operating system or deployment’s normal method to install or enable a PHP version listed for both the current and immediate target Nextcloud releases.
Retain the extensions required by your installation and keep the existing web integration: Apache with mod_php, or nginx/Apache forwarding to PHP-FPM. A successful command-line check does not prove that the web server is using the same PHP binary.
Check both PHP paths
Check the CLI version as the account that runs occ, then verify the version shown in the Nextcloud Administrator overview. They must identify the same supported PHP branch. If the CLI reports one version but the web page reports another, correct the Apache module or PHP-FPM pool and restart the relevant service using your operating system’s normal service procedure before continuing.
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Upgrade Nextcloud after PHP is ready
Choose the updater that matches your installation. The built-in updater is easiest for most archive-based environments; manual replacement provides more control when your web process, maintenance window, or change-management rules require it.
Built-in updater
With a supported PHP runtime active, follow the updater in the Administrator settings. It will enable maintenance mode and perform the code and database steps. Watch its progress and do not refresh repeatedly or start a second upgrade process. If it requests a command-line completion, run that command from the installation directory as the web-server user.
Manual archive upgrade
- Finish the database, data-directory, and
config.phpbackup and disable third-party apps. - Enable maintenance mode with the command shown above.
- Download the target Nextcloud archive outside the current installation directory and verify its integrity using the release’s published checksum or signature.
- Stop the web server and the Nextcloud cron job for the file replacement window.
- Move the old code directory or otherwise preserve it, then replace the application files with the target archive. Preserve
config/config.phpand the data directory; do not overwrite either with files from the archive. - Restore the ownership and permissions expected by the web-server account.
- Start the web server again and run the upgrade from inside the new installation directory:
sudo -u www-data php occ upgrade
- Re-enable the Nextcloud cron job and leave maintenance mode enabled until the checks below succeed.
- Re-enable third-party apps individually only after confirming that each is compatible with the new Nextcloud and PHP versions.
Do not copy an old application directory wholesale over the new one. Old libraries and removed files can produce errors that look like PHP incompatibility but are actually a mixed installation.
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Finish background migrations before the next major release
Nextcloud may defer expensive schema and data work to background jobs. Run the scheduled cron job normally and allow at least two or three runs, the example given in the administration manual, before attempting another major upgrade. Monitor the Administrator overview and the cron status rather than assuming that a completed occ upgrade means every migration is finished.
If the setup checks report missing database structures and the release documentation calls for manual repair, these commands can be used from the installation directory:
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sudo -u www-data php occ db:add-missing-columns
sudo -u www-data php occ db:add-missing-indices
sudo -u www-data php occ db:add-missing-primary-keys
Use --dry-run where supported to preview the SQL before applying it. Take a current database backup before manual schema work and follow the command’s output if it reports an engine-specific limitation.
Verify the service before allowing logins
- Version: Confirm the expected Nextcloud point release in the Administrator overview and with
occ status. - PHP: Confirm the supported PHP branch in both the web Administrator overview and the CLI environment used for
occ. - Authentication and files: Test a normal login, open several existing files, upload a small file, and download it again.
- Cron: Confirm that scheduled jobs are running and that the background-job status is not accumulating failures.
- Database and storage: Review the setup checks, available space, database connectivity, and the health of external storage mounts used by your users.
- Applications: Exercise core apps, then re-enable and test each third-party app or theme separately.
- Logs: Review the web-server, PHP-FPM (if used), and Nextcloud logs for fatal errors, missing extensions, permission failures, and repeated database exceptions.
Only after these checks pass should you disable maintenance mode:
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Perform one final login and file-access test after users are admitted. Keep the backup and the change record until the installation has operated normally through its next scheduled jobs.
If the upgrade stalls or remains in maintenance mode
Web updater timed out
A web upgrade can stop at a PHP timeout even though files or part of the database migration have already changed. Do not start another web upgrade blindly. From the installation directory, keep a backup of the current state, then run:
sudo -E -u www-data php occ maintenance:mode --off
sudo -u www-data php occ upgrade
If the command reports that repair work is required, try:
sudo -u www-data php occ maintenance:repair
Re-enable maintenance mode while investigating if users could otherwise reach a partially migrated system. Read the command output and the Nextcloud and PHP logs; a timeout, missing extension, permissions error, and database lock require different fixes.
Do not downgrade in place
Nextcloud states that downgrading is unsupported and risks corrupting data. Do not replace the new code with an older release while keeping the modified database. If recovery is necessary, build a fresh installation at the desired supported version and restore the database, data directory, and configuration from a known-good, matching backup. Then repeat the compatibility and migration checks on the clean installation.
Choose the least risky upgrade path
| Approach | Best fit | Control and risk considerations |
|---|---|---|
| Built-in updater | Most archive installations with a supported PHP runtime | Least manual file work; still requires backups, app checks, maintenance mode, and a recovery plan. |
Manual archive replacement plus occ upgrade |
Change-controlled environments or installations that need CLI visibility | More control over file ownership, service stops, and timing; more opportunities to mix old and new files if the procedure is rushed. |
| Snap, Docker, VM, or distribution package updater | Deployments managed by that packaging system | Use the authoritative updater for the deployment; host-level PHP changes may not affect the runtime inside it. |
Evaluate every path against the same questions: how much downtime maintenance mode creates, whether one PHP version is supported by both release hops, how third-party apps will be tested, and how quickly a verified backup can be restored. For organisation-critical installations, Nextcloud’s requirements documentation describes a premium support option with five years of long-term support covering high and critical security issues, data-loss fixes, and regressions; confirm the current offer and geographic availability directly with Nextcloud.
Quick Recap
A repeatable sequence for future PHP changes
- Record the exact Nextcloud release and installation method.
- Use the release matrix to select a PHP version supported by the current release and the immediate target release.
- Bring the current major to its latest point release.
- Back up the database, data directory, and
config/config.php; test that the backup is usable. - Review critical changes and disable third-party apps.
- Enable maintenance mode and change PHP through the deployment’s normal mechanism, preserving extensions and web integration.
- Verify that the web process and
occCLI use the same supported PHP branch. - Run the Nextcloud upgrade, complete cron-driven migrations, and repair only when the release documentation calls for it.
- Verify versions, login, files, cron, database, storage, apps, and logs.
- Disable maintenance mode, admit users, and retain the backup until normal operation is proven.
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