The Tool Desk
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Update NVIDIA drivers through the package procedure for your exact Linux distribution and release, then reboot in a planned maintenance window and verify the driver and GPU before returning workloads to service. First confirm the GPU generation, kernel and headers, driver branch or module stream, and any package locks. Do not mix installation methods unless you are following NVIDIA’s documented migration instructions.
Before you update: check the server and plan the change
Driver updates can change kernel modules as well as user-space packages. A package update alone does not confirm that the active kernel has a working NVIDIA module; plan to restart and test the server before restoring GPU workloads.
- Identify the system: record the distribution and release, CPU architecture, running kernel, GPU model and generation, and installed driver version.
- Identify how the driver is managed: determine the package source and branch or stream in use. Check APT pinning on Ubuntu and DNF module streams or version locks on applicable RHEL-family systems.
- Check compatibility: confirm that the target driver branch and module flavor support the GPU, operating system, and kernel you intend to run.
- Plan recovery: arrange console or other recovery access and a maintenance window. Stop or drain GPU workloads as required by your service; the documented procedure includes a reboot.
NVIDIA’s live installation guides and package repositories can change. Check the guide for the installed OS release and the branch available at the time of the update. NVIDIA’s introduction lists supported systems including Ubuntu 22.04, 24.04 and 26.04; Debian 12 and 13; RHEL 8, 9 and 10; Rocky Linux 8, 9 and 10; Fedora 44; and Amazon Linux 2023, but the instructions below cover only the distributions described in detail here. See NVIDIA’s installation guide introduction for its current scope.
Choose the right NVIDIA kernel module
Open versus proprietary kernel modules is a hardware compatibility choice, not a general preference setting. NVIDIA says its open GPU kernel modules support Turing and newer GPUs; Maxwell, Pascal and Volta require proprietary modules. Check the GPU generation before switching flavors. Consult NVIDIA’s kernel-module guidance for current details.
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Also decide whether the update stays on the current branch or deliberately changes branch or stream. Package-manager pins and locks can affect the result of an otherwise routine update. A branch change should be treated as a package transition: inspect the proposed changes before confirming them, especially where the procedure allows package replacement.
Use the instructions for your distribution
APT and DNF commands are not interchangeable. Use the NVIDIA guide for the installed release, repository, branch and module flavor; do not copy a command for another distribution or assume a package name applies across systems.
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NVIDIA’s Ubuntu guide covers Ubuntu 22.04, 24.04 and 26.04. It gives this command to install headers matching the currently running kernel:
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sudo apt install linux-headers-$(uname -r)Matching headers matter when the driver setup builds a module for the kernel, including DKMS-based configurations. Verify that the kernel you plan to boot has the required headers and module setup; installing headers for the current kernel does not by itself establish that a different target kernel is ready.
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For an in-branch package update, NVIDIA says the normal distribution package update procedure should suffice and discusses apt dist-upgrade. Its guide also shows an --autoremove --purge example for a branch transition. Adjust or remove APT pinning as appropriate, and use the package name and command that match the repository and branch actually configured on the server. Review the proposed package changes before proceeding. Details are in NVIDIA’s Ubuntu guide.
For a headless compute server, NVIDIA documents compute-only installation options that omit desktop graphics components; those components can be added later if needed. The package names depend on the repository and setup, so use the exact option in the Ubuntu guide rather than substituting a guessed package name.
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux
NVIDIA’s cited RHEL guide covers RHEL 8 and 9. For the open-module route, it describes enabling the appropriate nvidia-driver DNF module stream and installing nvidia-open. Streams can represent an open-DKMS setup or a specific branch; NVIDIA gives 580-open and open-dkms as examples, not as universal choices for every system.
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Amazon Linux 2023
NVIDIA documents enabling the nvidia-driver:open-dkms stream, installing nvidia-open, and rebooting. Its guide says dnf update applies to an update within the same stream. Moving to a different stream involves resetting and enabling the stream, then updating with --allowerasing. Because that option permits package replacement, confirm the intended stream and review the transaction before allowing it. Follow NVIDIA’s Amazon Linux guide.
Fedora and Rocky Linux
NVIDIA’s Fedora guide documents DNF updates and says branch selection is controlled by DNF locking configuration. The Rocky Linux guide distinguishes same-stream updates from stream changes on Rocky 8 and 9, and documents a version-lock procedure for Rocky 10. Check the matching release page before changing a stream or lock; do not infer that one release’s update command or lock behavior applies to another. See the Fedora guide and the Rocky Linux guide.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Apply the update, reboot, and verify
- Prepare the maintenance window. Stop or drain GPU workloads as appropriate, and ensure you have a way to recover access if the server does not return normally.
- Apply the distribution-specific package procedure. Use the NVIDIA instructions for the installed OS release and intended branch or stream. Check APT pins, DNF streams, and version locks before running the update; inspect package-manager changes before confirming a transition.
- Reboot the server. NVIDIA’s distribution procedures include a reboot after installation. Schedule the interruption rather than assuming that installing packages immediately switches the running kernel to the new module.
- Check the installed driver and GPU visibility. Use the tools available on the server to confirm that the expected driver is active and the GPU is visible.
- Run a workload smoke check. Test the service’s actual GPU-dependent path before restoring normal traffic or jobs. There is no single verification command established for every deployment; the right check depends on installed tools and workload.
Compute-only packages for headless servers
A server that does not need a desktop graphics stack may use NVIDIA’s documented compute-only installation option, which omits desktop graphics components. The exact packages vary by distribution. Choose the option in the matching OS guide, and add graphics components later only if the server’s role requires them.
Quick Recap
Common update risks to avoid
- Using a command from a different distribution or release: package names, streams and upgrade procedures differ; use the matching NVIDIA guide.
- Switching module flavor without checking the GPU: open modules are for Turing and newer according to NVIDIA; Maxwell, Pascal and Volta require proprietary modules.
- Ignoring headers or the target kernel: validate module build prerequisites for the kernel that will actually run, particularly with DKMS.
- Overlooking pins, streams or locks: these can keep an update on a branch or cause a transition different from the one intended.
- Combining installation methods casually: do not layer a non-package installer over package-managed drivers unless following NVIDIA’s explicit migration instructions.
- Returning workloads before a smoke check: confirm driver activation, GPU visibility and the application’s GPU path after reboot.
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