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Run this command on every Linux node:
stat -fc %T /sys/fs/cgroup/
cgroup2fs means that node is using cgroup v2; tmpfs means it is using cgroup v1 under Kubernetes’ documented check. This is a node-level detection test, not a complete cluster-readiness verdict. To call a cluster ready, also verify the kernel, operating-system support, container runtime, and matching cgroup-driver settings on every relevant node.
What “ready for cgroup v2” means
A Kubernetes cluster is ready for cgroup v2 when its Linux nodes run a supported unified cgroup hierarchy and the rest of the node stack can manage it consistently. The practical test has five parts:
- The mounted cgroup filesystem is v2 on each Linux node.
- The running Linux kernel is version 5.8 or later.
- The operating-system distribution supports and enables cgroup v2.
- The container runtime supports cgroup v2.
- The kubelet and runtime use the same cgroup driver, normally
systemd.
Kubernetes has treated cgroup v2 support as stable since v1.25. Current Kubernetes documentation marks cgroup v1 as deprecated starting in v1.35, so cgroup-v2 validation should be part of upgrade and node-image planning rather than an afterthought.
Start with the filesystem check
Run the check on each Linux node
Open a shell on a node through your normal node-management method and run:
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stat -fc %T /sys/fs/cgroup/
Record the node name and the exact output. Repeat the check for every Linux worker and control-plane node that participates in the workloads or control-plane services you are evaluating. A single successful result does not establish fleet-wide readiness: nodes can boot different operating-system images, kernels, or runtime configurations.
Interpret the result literally
| Command output | Meaning | Operational conclusion |
|---|---|---|
cgroup2fs |
The node’s mounted hierarchy is cgroup v2. | Continue with kernel, OS, runtime, and driver checks. |
tmpfs |
The node’s mounted hierarchy is cgroup v1 under the documented Kubernetes test. | This node is not yet running cgroup v2; investigate its boot and OS configuration. |
| Anything else or an error | The documented detection result was not obtained. | Check that the command ran on Linux and that /sys/fs/cgroup is mounted and accessible before drawing a conclusion. |
Keep Linux and non-Linux nodes separate in the report. Cgroups are a Linux kernel facility, and the documented filesystem test applies to Linux nodes. Do not treat a non-Linux node as either a passing or failing Linux cgroup-v2 result.
Use a complete readiness checklist
The filesystem result answers only “which hierarchy is mounted here?” A readiness decision also needs the following evidence for each applicable Linux node.
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|---|---|---|
| Hierarchy | stat -fc %T /sys/fs/cgroup/ returns cgroup2fs. |
Confirms the running node is using cgroup v2. |
| Kernel | Linux kernel 5.8 or later. | Kubernetes lists this as a cgroup-v2 requirement. |
| Distribution | The OS supports and enables cgroup v2. | Distribution support does not prove the current boot used the unified hierarchy; the filesystem check still decides the node’s actual state. |
| Runtime | A cgroup-v2-compatible runtime is installed. | Kubernetes gives containerd 1.4+ and CRI-O 1.20+ as examples. |
| Drivers | Kubelet and runtime are configured for the same driver, normally systemd. |
A mismatch can prevent kubelet health even when the filesystem is v2. |
| Release context | The cluster’s Kubernetes version and upgrade plan are checked against the versioned documentation. | Defaults and deprecation behavior change across releases. |
Step-by-step testing procedure
1. Inventory the node fleet
Start with a node list from the cluster-management system and identify which machines are Linux. For every relevant node, collect:
- Node name and role.
- Operating-system distribution and image version.
- Running kernel release.
- Kubernetes and kubelet version.
- Container-runtime type and version.
- Effective kubelet cgroup-driver setting.
- Effective runtime cgroup-driver setting.
There is no single provider-independent command that exposes all of these values for every self-managed and hosted environment. Use the node access, inventory, and observability mechanisms available in your environment. The important point is to produce one row per Linux node rather than sampling one machine.
2. Test the mounted hierarchy
On each Linux node, run:
stat -fc %T /sys/fs/cgroup/
Store the result with the node identity and test time. If any relevant Linux node reports tmpfs, the fleet is mixed or still on cgroup v1. You may decide to migrate nodes in stages, but you should not report the entire cluster as uniformly cgroup-v2-ready while a node that can receive workloads remains on v1.
3. Check the running kernel
Obtain the kernel release through the node’s normal inventory or shell access. A direct Linux check is:
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Compare the running release, not merely the kernel package intended for the image, with the Kubernetes requirement of 5.8 or later. A node can have a distribution that supports cgroup v2 while still booting an older kernel, so distribution documentation and the live uname -r result answer different questions.
4. Confirm distribution support and boot behavior
Kubernetes documentation lists these examples of distributions or releases that enable or support cgroup v2:
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| Distribution or platform example | Documented context |
|---|---|
| Container-Optimized OS | Since milestone M97. |
| Ubuntu | Since 21.10; Ubuntu 22.04 and later is recommended. |
| Debian | Since Debian 11. |
| Fedora | Since Fedora 31. |
| Arch Linux | Since April 2021. |
| RHEL and RHEL-like distributions | Since major version 9. |
These are support examples, not proof of the hierarchy currently mounted on a particular machine. Image defaults, kernel command-line settings, and local boot configuration can change the result. Always use the filesystem test on the running node.
5. Verify runtime support
Identify the runtime and its installed version for every node. Kubernetes cites containerd 1.4 or later and CRI-O 1.20 or later as examples of runtimes with cgroup-v2 support. Treat those numbers as compatibility examples, not as a substitute for checking the runtime version and configuration actually in use.
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Do not assume that changing the host hierarchy automatically fixes the runtime. The runtime must be built and configured to manage cgroup v2, and its cgroup driver must agree with kubelet’s driver.
6. Verify the cgroup drivers agree
Kubernetes recommends the systemd cgroup driver for cgroup v2. Kubelet and the container runtime need to use the same driver. Kubeadm guidance specifically warns that a mismatch can affect kubelet health.
For containerd, the relevant setting is SystemdCgroup = true. The TOML plugin path containing this option differs between containerd 1.x and containerd 2.x. First identify the installed major version and inspect the active configuration generated or loaded by that version; do not paste a 1.x example into a 2.x configuration, or vice versa. After any change, restart and validate the node using your normal service-management and kubelet-health procedures, then repeat the filesystem and driver checks.
Check the effective settings rather than only a template file. Distribution packages, image builders, drop-in files, and managed services can cause the running daemon to load a different configuration from the one you inspected.
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Cgroup v2 became stable in Kubernetes v1.25. The Kubernetes project’s stable-support announcement says that when a Linux distribution enables cgroup v2, kubelet should automatically adapt without additional configuration as long as the requirements are met. Current documentation also says that kubelet automatically detects a cgroup-v2 operating system and adapts when those prerequisites are satisfied.
“Automatically adapts” does not mean that an unsupported runtime, an old kernel, or mismatched drivers are harmless. Verify the requirements for the exact Kubernetes release you operate or plan to upgrade to, especially as cgroup v1 deprecation is documented for v1.35.
Compare nodes instead of averaging them
Readiness is a per-node property before it is a cluster property. A useful comparison places a passing and failing node side by side. Compare the hierarchy result first, then the live kernel, image and distribution, runtime and version, and finally the two effective driver values. This often exposes an image-generation difference or an older node pool that a cluster-level version label hides.
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Do not use the percentage of passing nodes as a substitute for a scope statement. If nine nodes report cgroup2fs and one reports tmpfs, the cluster is not uniformly on v2. You can document the nine-node pool as ready if that is the operational scope, while explicitly excluding the remaining node. If workloads can be scheduled onto the remaining node, it belongs in the readiness assessment.
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Build an auditable evidence bundle
For each test run, retain the node identifier, timestamp, exact filesystem output, running kernel release, OS and image identifiers, runtime and version, and effective kubelet and runtime drivers. Keep the output associated with a node-pool or rollout revision so that a later reboot or image replacement does not make the result ambiguous.
Separate “not applicable” from “not checked.” A non-Linux node can be marked not applicable to the Linux filesystem test. A Linux node that is unreachable should be marked not checked, not passed. Likewise, a configuration file that was inspected but is not confirmed to be loaded is evidence of an intended setting, not an effective driver result.
Migration and rollout considerations
Changing the hierarchy is a node lifecycle operation, not just a text-file edit. Select the target OS image, kernel, runtime, and Kubernetes version as a tested combination. If a manual kernel boot setting is used, test it on a canary node and verify the hierarchy after reboot; an installed setting is not proof that the current boot used it.
- Choose the target Kubernetes release and read its versioned cgroup documentation.
- Choose a Linux image that supports cgroup v2 and a running kernel of at least 5.8.
- Choose a compatible runtime, such as a supported containerd or CRI-O release.
- Set the kubelet and runtime to the same driver, normally
systemd. - Drain or otherwise protect workloads according to your normal disruption policy.
- Replace or reboot a canary node and rerun every check.
- Observe kubelet and representative workloads before expanding the rollout.
- Repeat the evidence collection for the whole pool and revise the readiness scope.
The cited compatibility numbers are minimum examples, not a promise that every later or vendor-patched build behaves identically. Keep the exact runtime, image, and Kubernetes versions in the rollout record and consult the documentation for the release you are operating.
What Kubernetes does automatically—and what it does not
Kubernetes’ documented behavior is that kubelet detects a cgroup-v2 operating system and adapts without additional configuration when the prerequisites are met. That automatic detection concerns the operating-system hierarchy. It does not inspect every unsupported runtime combination, repair a driver mismatch, upgrade an old kernel, or make a mixed fleet uniform.
The safest interpretation is therefore: let kubelet detect v2, but prove readiness with node-by-node evidence. The filesystem result establishes the hierarchy; the remaining checks establish whether the complete node stack can operate it consistently.
Common reporting mistakes
- Testing only the control plane: worker nodes may use different images, kernels, or runtimes.
- Testing only one worker: one node cannot represent a heterogeneous pool.
- Confusing support with activation: a distribution may support v2 while the current boot still mounts v1.
- Reading a template instead of the live configuration: drop-ins and generated files can change what the daemon actually loads.
- Calling automatic detection a full migration: kubelet detection does not correct runtime or driver problems.
- Ignoring scope: state whether the result covers all Linux nodes, one node pool, or only the nodes inspected.
How to report the result
A useful readiness report has one row for every relevant Linux node and clearly labels any non-Linux nodes. Use a structure like this:
| Node | Linux? | Hierarchy result | Kernel | OS/image | Runtime/version | Kubelet driver | Runtime driver | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| node name | yes/no | cgroup2fs or tmpfs |
running release | distribution and image | runtime and version | effective value | effective value | pass, remediate, or not applicable |
Mark a Linux node as ready only when all checks pass. Mark the cluster or node pool as uniformly ready only when every relevant Linux node passes. If the fleet is intentionally mixed during a migration, describe the scope precisely—for example, identify the node pool or individual nodes that are already on v2 and those still on v1.
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Troubleshooting failed checks
The command returns tmpfs
The node is running the hierarchy identified as cgroup v1 by Kubernetes’ documented check. Confirm that you tested the intended machine, then inspect the node image, running kernel, and boot configuration. A distribution listed as supporting cgroup v2 can still boot into v1 because support and current boot state are separate facts. Change the node image or boot configuration through the lifecycle process used by your platform, reboot as required, and rerun the test.
Some nodes return cgroup2fs and others return tmpfs
This is a heterogeneous fleet. Compare the OS image, kernel release, runtime version, and kubelet/runtime driver settings between passing and failing nodes. Do not infer a cluster-wide result from the majority. Either complete the migration for the remaining nodes or constrain the readiness statement to the nodes that passed.
The hierarchy is v2, but kubelet is unhealthy
Check runtime support and driver agreement before changing the hierarchy again. A v2 filesystem does not establish that the runtime can manage it, and kubelet and runtime drivers must match. For containerd, verify the version-specific location of SystemdCgroup = true in the active configuration, then confirm that the daemon actually loaded the setting.
The kernel is older than 5.8
The node does not meet Kubernetes’ listed kernel prerequisite. Upgrade the node image or kernel using the platform’s supported process, reboot if necessary, and repeat the live-kernel and filesystem checks. Do not mark the node ready based only on an installed package version.
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The general Kubernetes documentation does not define provider-specific access to control-plane hosts, node images, or runtime configuration. Test the worker nodes you can inspect, use the provider’s fleet and node-pool documentation for the remaining scope, and state which parts of the assessment are provider-managed rather than verified directly.
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Use the checklist as a gate in the node lifecycle rather than as a one-time command. Before changing a pool, decide which OS image, kernel, runtime, and Kubernetes version combination you will standardize. Prefer an image and distribution that enable cgroup v2 by default where that matches your platform’s support policy. Manual kernel boot configuration is another possible approach, but it must be tested through the same per-node procedure.
- Define the target Kubernetes release and confirm its cgroup documentation.
- Select a supported Linux image and kernel of 5.8 or later.
- Select a compatible runtime version.
- Configure the runtime and kubelet with the same cgroup driver, normally
systemd. - Roll the change through a canary node or pool using your normal disruption controls.
- Run the filesystem, kernel, runtime, and driver checks on the canary.
- Expand the rollout only after the canary remains healthy under representative workloads.
- Repeat the report for every node and remove any remaining v1 nodes from the readiness claim.
Final decision rule
Use a three-state result for each Linux node: ready, remediate, or not checked. Ready means the live hierarchy is cgroup2fs, the running kernel is at least 5.8, the OS and runtime meet the documented support requirements, and kubelet and runtime drivers agree. Remediate covers a v1 hierarchy, old kernel, unsupported runtime, or driver mismatch. Not checked covers unreachable nodes or evidence that has not been verified.
Only after every node in the declared operational scope is ready should you describe that scope as cgroup-v2-ready. If the scope is a node pool rather than the whole cluster, say so explicitly.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is cgroup2fs alone enough to prove Kubernetes is ready for cgroup v2?
No. It proves that the tested Linux node has a cgroup-v2 hierarchy mounted. You must also verify a Linux kernel of 5.8 or later, OS support, a compatible runtime, and matching kubelet and runtime cgroup drivers.
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Do I need to test every Kubernetes node?
Yes, for a fleet-wide claim. The command reports the local node only, and node pools can differ in image, kernel, runtime, or boot settings. Test every relevant Linux worker and control-plane node, and label non-Linux nodes separately.
What does tmpfs mean in this test?
Under Kubernetes’ documented check, tmpfs indicates cgroup v1. Confirm that the command ran on the intended node, then inspect its image, running kernel, and boot configuration before changing the node.
Which kernel version does Kubernetes list for cgroup v2?
Kubernetes lists Linux kernel 5.8 or later. Check the live value from the running node, such as with uname -r, rather than relying only on the package or image metadata.
Which container runtimes and versions are cited as examples?
Kubernetes documentation gives containerd 1.4 or later and CRI-O 1.20 or later as examples. You still need to identify the runtime actually running on each node and verify its active configuration.
Which cgroup driver should kubelet and the runtime use?
Kubernetes recommends the systemd driver for cgroup v2. Kubelet and the runtime must use the same driver. For containerd, the setting is SystemdCgroup = true, but its TOML location differs between containerd 1.x and 2.x.
Does kubelet configure cgroup v2 automatically?
Kubernetes documents that kubelet detects a cgroup-v2 OS and adapts when the prerequisites are met. Automatic detection does not upgrade an old kernel, make an unsupported runtime compatible, fix a driver mismatch, or make mixed nodes uniform.
Can a distribution support cgroup v2 while a node still uses v1?
Yes. Distribution support and the current boot state are different facts. Image defaults, kernel command-line settings, and local boot configuration can leave a supported distribution running v1, which is why the filesystem test must run on the live node.
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When did cgroup v2 become stable in Kubernetes?
Cgroup v2 has been stable since Kubernetes v1.25. Current documentation marks cgroup v1 as deprecated starting in v1.35, so validate the exact release and upgrade path you operate.
How should I describe a mixed cluster during migration?
Do not call the whole cluster uniformly ready. Identify the node pool or individual nodes reporting cgroup2fs, list those still reporting tmpfs, and state the precise scope of any readiness claim.
The Bottom Line
Run stat -fc %T /sys/fs/cgroup/ on every relevant Linux node. Treat cgroup2fs as the required hierarchy result, then verify a 5.8+ running kernel, supported OS and runtime, and matching systemd cgroup drivers. Declare readiness only for the complete node scope that passes all checks.
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