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A publishing API should return more than “success” when work continues after the request ends. It should return a stable job or operation ID and provide a way to read the operation’s authoritative state later. Acceptance, completion, and delivery to the destination are different outcomes; the response should say which one occurred.
Why “success” may not mean published
An HTTP success response can mean only that a service accepted a request for asynchronous processing. It does not necessarily mean the job finished, or that a post or message reached its destination. Salesforce, for example, documents that success: true means an event publish request is queued for asynchronous publication. FoPost likewise says its 202 response signals acceptance, not that a post is live. See Salesforce’s event publishing documentation and FoPost’s webhook documentation.
Use distinct terms for distinct claims:
- Accepted or queued: The service took responsibility for processing the request. Work may still be pending.
- Completed: The operation reached a terminal state according to the job service. Document whether this means an internal task finished or the destination confirmed publication.
- Published or delivered: A destination-specific outcome. Use this label only when the system can support that claim, and explain what its confirmation represents.
A status called “success” without that boundary is ambiguous. If the API means “queued,” say “queued.” If it means “published,” state how publication was confirmed.
What a useful receipt should contain
A receipt is a durable, queryable record of one operation and its outcome. It is a design pattern, not a universal vendor-mandated schema. At minimum, make it possible to identify the operation and check its current state through an authenticated read path.
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job_idoroperation_id: a stable handle for looking up the operation.status: queued or running states and explicit terminal outcomes, such as completed, failed, canceled, or partial. Document valid transitions.accepted_atand, where relevant,completed_at: timestamps with defined meanings.status_urlor equivalent read operation: the path to the authoritative current state.request_idor correlation identifier: useful for tracing and support, but not a substitute for the operation ID.error: a stable error code and an explanation that helps the caller decide what to do next.targets[]: for requests sent to multiple accounts or destinations, the state and provider reference for each target.- Callback details, if callbacks are offered: an event ID, signature-verification method, retry policy, and a documented deduplication key.
Keep identifiers’ roles clear. Salesforce notes that its returned event Id is not included in the delivered event and is not always unique; its ReplayId identifies a position in the event stream. Neither detail makes every event ID a durable identifier for the publishing operation. Define the identifier callers should use to retrieve that operation’s authoritative status.
Choose polling, callbacks, or both
Polling gives clients a direct way to check state, but can add delay, request load, and rate-limit pressure. A callback can report a transition sooner, but its delivery can fail while the receiver is offline or unreachable. A callback-plus-query design gives the client timely notifications when they arrive and a recovery path when they do not.
Whichever approach you choose, keep a queryable status record or delivery history. Callbacks are notifications; they should not be the only record of the operation. For example, Supabase documents finite webhook retries and retained delivery history, while PubNub describes replay from persisted history as a recovery option for its service. These are provider-specific behaviors, not guarantees to assume for another API: Supabase Platform Webhooks and PubNub publishing documentation.
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When deciding between polling and callbacks, account for how quickly a caller must notice a change, recovery after downtime, callback authentication, duplicate handling, status retention, polling limits and cost, per-destination detail, and whether a retry can safely create another publish operation.
Handle retries without repeating side effects
Networks fail, callback endpoints time out, and delivery systems retry. The same notification may therefore arrive more than once. Receivers should authenticate signed callbacks where the provider supports them, record a stable event or job identifier, and make processing idempotent so that handling a repeated notification does not repeat an external side effect.
Postmark warns that retries and timeouts can cause repeated webhook events and advises storing a stable identifier such as MessageID or its retry trace ID. Supabase describes webhook delivery as at-least-once. Those examples illustrate why duplicate handling belongs in the receiver; they do not establish identical guarantees across providers. Read the providers’ specifics in Postmark’s webhook overview and Supabase’s webhook documentation.
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An idempotency key and an event ID solve related but different problems. A caller-provided idempotency key can let a service recognize repeated attempts to submit the same logical request, if that service supports the feature. A stable event ID lets a receiver recognize a notification it has already processed. Do not imply that an API supports idempotency keys unless its documentation says so.
Queue deduplication does not prove that the final destination completed publication. AWS documents deduplication and grouping behavior for SQS FIFO queues, while its FAQ notes that standard queues can deliver messages more than once and that consumers should be idempotent. Queue semantics and destination outcomes are separate concerns: AWS’s SQS deduplication guidance and SQS FAQs.
Report partial results for fan-out jobs
A single request may publish to several accounts or destinations. In that case, one overall “success” can conceal a failure affecting one target. Return each target’s state alongside an aggregate status that can express partial completion or partial failure. FoPost, for example, documents both post-level and per-account delivery events in its webhook documentation: FoPost webhooks.
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Make the aggregate meaningful: define when the overall job is complete, how target failures affect it, and whether a caller can retry only failed targets. Retrying the whole fan-out request without knowing which destinations succeeded risks publishing duplicates to destinations that already completed.
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- Submit once and record a correlation value. Keep a client-side request or correlation ID for tracing. It is not a replacement for the operation ID returned by the service.
- Save the receipt. Record the returned job or operation ID and treat “accepted” or “queued” as pending when processing is asynchronous.
- Read status or process a callback. Use the durable status endpoint to check the current state. Treat a callback as a report of a transition, not a substitute for reading authoritative current state.
- Verify and deduplicate callbacks. Check the signature when available, store the stable event ID, and handle repeated deliveries idempotently.
- Reconcile missing notifications. If no callback arrives, look up the operation record or delivery history. If the outcome is still unknown, do not blindly submit a second logical publish; first determine whether the original operation remains active or completed.
Do not promise exactly-once execution merely because a queue, webhook, or retry mechanism exists. Google Cloud Pub/Sub describes at-least-once delivery and best-effort ordering, with ordering requiring configured keys and subject to regional constraints. Those are Pub/Sub-specific message-broker semantics, not a publishing-platform receipt contract. See Google Cloud Pub/Sub’s publisher documentation.
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Before calling a job “published,” decide which system is authoritative and what evidence counts. A publishing service may confirm that it accepted a message without confirming that a particular client received it. PubNub makes this distinction explicitly: successful publishing confirms acceptance by PubNub, not receipt by a particular client. A destination’s later confirmation, an internal job completion, and a broker’s acceptance are not interchangeable states.
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For every status, specify the system that observed it and the boundary it represents: request accepted by the API, work completed by the worker, accepted by an intermediary, or confirmed at the destination. That lets callers interpret the receipt correctly and choose a safe next action. See PubNub’s publishing documentation.
Provider-specific webhook timing and retention
Webhook retry schedules and delivery-history windows vary by provider and can change. As documented in 2026, Supabase considers a webhook successful when the endpoint returns a 2xx response within 20 seconds, retries failures using five automatic attempts, and retains delivery history for 14 days. These figures apply to Supabase Platform Webhooks; they are not general API defaults. Check the provider’s current documentation before relying on them: Supabase Platform Webhooks.
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